Seasonally adaptive power control for NOMA-mMIMO mmWave systems under foliage-induced attenuation

IF 1.9 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-21 DOI:10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103054

Mourtada Oubassghir, Mohamed Boulouird

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The presence of vegetation between base stations and users in outdoor non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO), and millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks introduces seasonal signal attenuation, as foliage density and structure vary throughout the year. These fluctuations cause substantial performance variations, challenging reliable and energy-efficient operation.

This paper proposes a seasonally adaptive power control framework to compensate for foliage-induced attenuation in downlink NOMA-mMIMO mmWave systems. The core idea is to select a reference month and adjust the base station transmit power, raising or lowering it as needed, to maintain consistent throughput across the year relative to the chosen month. The framework employs a bisection-based optimization algorithm to determine the minimum transmit power required each month to maintain the reference spectral efficiency (SE).

Simulation results show that the approach stabilizes SE year-round and reveals a trade-off between SE and energy efficiency (EE): a high-SE reference stabilizes throughput but lowers EE in dense-foliage months, whereas a low-SE reference improves EE by reducing power but limits throughput. The framework is tunable for stability or efficiency, offering practical guidance for sustainable fifth- and sixth-generation (5G/6G) deployments in foliage-affected outdoor environments.

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树叶诱导衰减下NOMA-mMIMO毫米波系统的季节性自适应功率控制

在室外非正交多址（NOMA）、大规模多输入多输出（mMIMO）和毫米波（mmWave）网络中，基站和用户之间存在植被，会导致季节性信号衰减，因为树叶密度和结构全年都在变化。这些波动造成了巨大的性能变化，挑战了可靠和节能的操作。本文提出了一种季节性自适应功率控制框架，以补偿下行NOMA-mMIMO毫米波系统中树叶引起的衰减。其核心思想是选择一个参考月份并调整基站发射功率，根据需要提高或降低它，以保持全年相对于所选月份的一致吞吐量。该框架采用基于分割的优化算法来确定维持参考频谱效率（SE）每月所需的最小发射功率。仿真结果表明，该方法全年稳定SE，并揭示了SE和能效（EE）之间的权衡：高SE参考稳定吞吐量，但在茂密的季节降低EE，而低SE参考通过降低功率提高EE，但限制吞吐量。该框架可根据稳定性或效率进行调整，为在受植被影响的室外环境中可持续的第五代和第六代（5G/6G）部署提供实用指导。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Physical Communication ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICTELECO-TELECOMMUNICATIONS

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

9.10%

发文量

212

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： PHYCOM: Physical Communication is an international and archival journal providing complete coverage of all topics of interest to those involved in all aspects of physical layer communications. Theoretical research contributions presenting new techniques, concepts or analyses, applied contributions reporting on experiences and experiments, and tutorials are published. Topics of interest include but are not limited to: Physical layer issues of Wireless Local Area Networks, WiMAX, Wireless Mesh Networks, Sensor and Ad Hoc Networks, PCS Systems; Radio access protocols and algorithms for the physical layer; Spread Spectrum Communications; Channel Modeling; Detection and Estimation; Modulation and Coding; Multiplexing and Carrier Techniques; Broadband Wireless Communications; Wireless Personal Communications; Multi-user Detection; Signal Separation and Interference rejection: Multimedia Communications over Wireless; DSP Applications to Wireless Systems; Experimental and Prototype Results; Multiple Access Techniques; Space-time Processing; Synchronization Techniques; Error Control Techniques; Cryptography; Software Radios; Tracking; Resource Allocation and Inference Management; Multi-rate and Multi-carrier Communications; Cross layer Design and Optimization; Propagation and Channel Characterization; OFDM Systems; MIMO Systems; Ultra-Wideband Communications; Cognitive Radio System Architectures; Platforms and Hardware Implementations for the Support of Cognitive, Radio Systems; Cognitive Radio Resource Management and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing.