Quantitative multiscale characterization of interlayer interface morphology and bonding behavior in fiber-reinforced shotcrete linings

IF 8.9 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials Pub Date : 2026-04-11 Epub Date: 2026-03-09 DOI:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145880

Kaixin Zhu , Zuliang Zhong , Laiyang Li , Xinrong Liu , Nanyun Wang , Jun Xiong

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The flatness of single-layer shotcrete lining interfaces is a critical factor affecting interlayer bonding performance. Conventional two-dimensional indices cannot capture the three-dimensional irregularity and multiscale roughness of interfaces. This study introduces a novel flatness index (PZD) based on three-dimensional laser scanning point clouds. Unlike traditional two-dimensional profile-based metrics, the PZD index is constructed using a weighted perpendicular deviation formulation, which enables full-field three-dimensional characterization and enhanced sensitivity to localized undulations and extreme morphological features. Single-layer shotcrete specimens with different PZD levels were prepared, followed by splitting tests, acoustic emission monitoring, and SEM analysis. Results show that interfacial bond strength increases from 0.588 MPa to 1.477 MPa (a maximum improvement of 151%) with increasing PZD, following an asymptotic enhancement–saturation trend (R² = 0.952). Morphology evolves from flat surfaces to groove interlocking and ultimately to pore-induced spalling under excessive roughness. Based on these observations, a two-stage multiscale mechanism is proposed: in the low–medium PZD stage, local interlocking dominates, whereas in the high PZD stage, global heterogeneity increases and energy dissipation intensifies, accompanied by stress concentration and potential instability. A quantitative control criterion was proposed (

Δ α (q) > 0.60

and

0.62 \leq K \leq 0.69)

, and a three-step closed-loop control pathway was established and validated in field applications. This study develops a multiscale evaluation framework integrating macroscopic mechanics, energy evolution, microscopic morphology, and multifractal analysis, providing theoretical and practical guidance for interface quality assessment and construction application of single-layer shotcrete linings.

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纤维喷射混凝土衬砌层间界面形态与粘结行为的多尺度定量表征

单层喷射混凝土衬砌界面平整度是影响层间粘结性能的关键因素。传统的二维指标无法捕捉界面的三维不规则性和多尺度粗糙度。提出了一种基于三维激光扫描点云的平面度指数（PZD）。与传统的基于二维剖面的指标不同，PZD指数是使用加权垂直偏差公式构建的，可以进行全场三维表征，并增强对局部波动和极端形态特征的敏感性。制备不同PZD水平的单层喷射混凝土试件，进行劈裂试验、声发射监测和SEM分析。结果表明：随着PZD的增加，界面结合强度从0.588 MPa增加到1.477 MPa，最大提高幅度为151%，呈现渐近增强-饱和趋势（R²= 0.952）；表面形态从平坦到沟槽互锁，最终在粗糙度过大的情况下形成孔致剥落。基于这些观测结果，提出了两阶段的多尺度机制：在低-中等PZD阶段，局部联锁占主导地位，而在高PZD阶段，整体非均质性增加，能量耗散加剧，伴随着应力集中和潜在的不稳定性。提出了定量控制准则（Δα(q)>；0.60和0.62≤K≤0.69），建立了三步闭环控制路径，并在现场应用中进行了验证。本研究建立了集宏观力学、能量演化、微观形貌和多重分形分析于一体的多尺度评价框架，为单层喷射混凝土衬砌界面质量评价和施工应用提供理论和实践指导。

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来源期刊

Construction and Building Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

13.80

自引率

21.60%

发文量

3632

审稿时长

82 days

期刊介绍： Construction and Building Materials offers an international platform for sharing innovative and original research and development in the realm of construction and building materials, along with their practical applications in new projects and repair practices. The journal publishes a diverse array of pioneering research and application papers, detailing laboratory investigations and, to a limited extent, numerical analyses or reports on full-scale projects. Multi-part papers are discouraged. Additionally, Construction and Building Materials features comprehensive case studies and insightful review articles that contribute to new insights in the field. Our focus is on papers related to construction materials, excluding those on structural engineering, geotechnics, and unbound highway layers. Covered materials and technologies encompass cement, concrete reinforcement, bricks and mortars, additives, corrosion technology, ceramics, timber, steel, polymers, glass fibers, recycled materials, bamboo, rammed earth, non-conventional building materials, bituminous materials, and applications in railway materials.