Mechanistic insights into Fusarium oxysporum suppression by Trichoderma cerinum Gur1 volatiles: Downregulation of trichothecene and bikaverin biosynthesis genes

IF 3.6 3区农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-09 DOI:10.1016/j.pmpp.2026.103179

Ekta Khare , Kangmin Kim , Govind Gupta , Alok Pandey , Shilpa Deshpande Kaistha , Anuradha Kalani

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into Fusarium oxysporum suppression by Trichoderma cerinum Gur1 volatiles: Downregulation of trichothecene and bikaverin biosynthesis genes","authors":"Ekta Khare , Kangmin Kim , Govind Gupta , Alok Pandey , Shilpa Deshpande Kaistha , Anuradha Kalani","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2026.103179","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi by Trichoderma spp. is majorly attributed by the mycoparasitism and the production of various antagonistic compounds via mutual fungi-to-fungi interactions. However, detailed information on effect of Trichoderma volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in such interspecies interactions is still largely unknown. In this study, we reported that VOCs produced by Trichoderma cerinum Gur1 suppress Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae growth, conidiation and bikaverin (a reddish polyketide) production. Reduction in cytoplasmic content, vacuolization and shrinkage appeared in electron micrographs of F. oxysporum, indicating the role of n-hexadecanoic acid and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PP) among several other VOCs of T. cerinum Gur1 detected by GC-TOF-MS analysis. To detect the effect of Trichoderma VOCs on pathogen, the expression of pathogenicity related genes of F. oxysporum, involved in trichothecenes (tri1) and bikaverin (pks4) biosynthesis pathways were examined during VOCs exposure bioassay. Noticeably, the expression of both tri1 and pks4 was down regulated on third day of VOCs exposure. The reduction of conidiation and bikaverin production significantly impacts the distribution, survival, and competitive ability of F. oxysporum in diverse environments. The reduction in expression of pathogenicity related genes including these factors are critical in understanding the ecology and pathogenicity of the fungus and can inform effective management and control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 103179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885576526000706","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/3/9 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi by Trichoderma spp. is majorly attributed by the mycoparasitism and the production of various antagonistic compounds via mutual fungi-to-fungi interactions. However, detailed information on effect of Trichoderma volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in such interspecies interactions is still largely unknown. In this study, we reported that VOCs produced by Trichoderma cerinum Gur1 suppress Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae growth, conidiation and bikaverin (a reddish polyketide) production. Reduction in cytoplasmic content, vacuolization and shrinkage appeared in electron micrographs of F. oxysporum, indicating the role of n-hexadecanoic acid and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PP) among several other VOCs of T. cerinum Gur1 detected by GC-TOF-MS analysis. To detect the effect of Trichoderma VOCs on pathogen, the expression of pathogenicity related genes of F. oxysporum, involved in trichothecenes (tri1) and bikaverin (pks4) biosynthesis pathways were examined during VOCs exposure bioassay. Noticeably, the expression of both tri1 and pks4 was down regulated on third day of VOCs exposure. The reduction of conidiation and bikaverin production significantly impacts the distribution, survival, and competitive ability of F. oxysporum in diverse environments. The reduction in expression of pathogenicity related genes including these factors are critical in understanding the ecology and pathogenicity of the fungus and can inform effective management and control strategies.

查看原文本刊更多论文

木霉（Trichoderma cerinum） Gur1挥发物抑制尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）的机制研究：毛霉烯和bikaverin生物合成基因的下调

木霉对植物病原真菌的生物防治主要是通过真菌与真菌相互作用而产生的各种拮抗化合物。然而，木霉挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）在这种种间相互作用中的作用的详细信息仍然很大程度上是未知的。在这项研究中，我们报道了木霉cerinumtrichoderma cerinum Gur1产生的VOCs抑制了oxysporum f. sp. lactucae的生长、分生和bikaverin（一种红色聚酮）的产生。电镜观察结果显示，尖孢菌胞质含量降低、空泡化和收缩，说明GC-TOF-MS分析检测到的T. cerinum Gur1中含有正十六酸和6-戊基-α-吡酮（6PP）等多种挥发性有机化合物。为检测木霉VOCs对病原菌的影响，在VOCs暴露生物测定过程中，检测了木霉霉毛霉烯（tri1）和比卡维林（pks4）生物合成途径中尖孢镰刀菌（F. oxysporum）致病性相关基因的表达。值得注意的是，在VOCs暴露的第三天，tri1和pks4的表达均下调。条件和比卡维林产量的减少显著影响了尖孢镰刀菌在不同环境中的分布、生存和竞争能力。包括这些因素在内的致病性相关基因表达的减少对于了解真菌的生态学和致病性至关重要，并且可以为有效的管理和控制策略提供信息。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 生物-植物科学

CiteScore

4.30

自引率

7.40%

发文量

130

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology provides an International forum for original research papers, reviews, and commentaries on all aspects of the molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, histology and cytology, genetics and evolution of plant-microbe interactions. Papers on all kinds of infective pathogen, including viruses, prokaryotes, fungi, and nematodes, as well as mutualistic organisms such as Rhizobium and mycorrhyzal fungi, are acceptable as long as they have a bearing on the interaction between pathogen and plant.