Comparative ballistic performance of 3D orthogonal and angle interlock woven fabrics with different fiber bundle count and interlacing layer number

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Thin-Walled Structures Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI:10.1016/j.tws.2026.114695

Xin Li , Yachen Xie , Ying Zhou , Guangyan Huang , Mengqi Yuan , Shaobo Qi , Hong Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) woven fabrics are widely used in personal protection, vehicle armour and other impact resistance applications due to their superior energy absorption capability and damage tolerance against delamination. The expanding application of 3D woven fabrics in impact engineering necessitates further investigation into mechanical response. The ballistic responses - specifically damage modes, ballistic limits, and specific energy absorption - of 3D orthogonal and angle interlock woven fabrics were experimentally investigated, with a focus on the influence of areal density. Fabric areal density was systematically modified by modulating the fiber bundle count and the interlacing layer number. A primary-yarn-oriented meso‑macro hybrid-scale ballistic impact numerical model was established and verified for large-sized 3D woven fabrics with respect to ballistic limit and impact process. The numerical analysis focused on detailing the penetration characteristics, stress wave propagation, component yarn deformation and energy distribution within the 3D orthogonal and angle interlock woven fabrics under ballistic impact. The results indicated that reducing the yarn’s fiber bundles count and increasing the layer count could improve the ballistic limit of 3D woven fabrics. However, reducing the fiber bundle count proved to be a more effective strategy for enhancing the specific energy absorption capacity. The Mises stress propagation was hindered in the binder yarns due to the buckling. The gradual straightening of binder yarns caused the warp length of the fabric bulge to exceed the weft length. The projectile’s kinetic energy was shown to transform into the fabric’s kinetic energy, internal energy and the frictional dissipation energy throughout the impact duration.

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不同纤维束数和交织层数的正交和角度互锁织物的弹道性能比较

三维（3D）机织织物由于其优越的能量吸收能力和抗分层的损伤容限，被广泛应用于个人防护、车辆装甲和其他抗冲击应用。随着三维机织物在冲击工程中的应用越来越广泛，需要对其力学响应进行进一步的研究。实验研究了三维正交和角度互锁织物的弹道响应，特别是损伤模式、弹道极限和比能量吸收，重点研究了面密度的影响。通过调节纤维束数和交织层数，系统地改变了织物的面密度。建立了面向大尺寸三维机织物的中宏混尺度弹道冲击数值模型，并对其弹道极限和冲击过程进行了验证。数值分析了三维正交和角度互锁机织物在弹道冲击下的穿透特性、应力波传播、组份纱线变形和能量分布。结果表明，减少纱线的纤维束数和增加层数可以提高三维机织物的弹道极限。然而，减少纤维束数被证明是提高比能量吸收能力的更有效的策略。由于屈曲，米塞斯应力在粘结纱中的传播受到阻碍。粘结纱的逐渐变直导致织物的经纱长度超过纬纱长度。在整个冲击过程中，弹丸动能依次转化为织物动能、内能和摩擦耗散能。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Thin-Walled Structures 工程技术-工程：土木

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

20.30%

发文量

801

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Thin-walled structures comprises an important and growing proportion of engineering construction with areas of application becoming increasingly diverse, ranging from aircraft, bridges, ships and oil rigs to storage vessels, industrial buildings and warehouses. Many factors, including cost and weight economy, new materials and processes and the growth of powerful methods of analysis have contributed to this growth, and led to the need for a journal which concentrates specifically on structures in which problems arise due to the thinness of the walls. This field includes cold– formed sections, plate and shell structures, reinforced plastics structures and aluminium structures, and is of importance in many branches of engineering. The primary criterion for consideration of papers in Thin–Walled Structures is that they must be concerned with thin–walled structures or the basic problems inherent in thin–walled structures. Provided this criterion is satisfied no restriction is placed on the type of construction, material or field of application. Papers on theory, experiment, design, etc., are published and it is expected that many papers will contain aspects of all three.