Recent developments and innovations in nanomaterials-supported biosensors for health monitoring

Abstract

The increased access to nanoscaled materials has allowed an explosive growth in various fields, including healthcare and biosensing platforms, as the integration of nanomaterials into these systems allows the design of diagnostic tools that are more sensitive, selective, and capable of delivering real-time results. This review, covering various up-to-date resources between the years 2020-2025, expands on the types and functions of nanomaterials used in health monitoring and on progress in nanomaterial-based biosensors, focusing on their classification, synthesis, functionalization, and effects on generated signals. Furthermore, the review also organizes biosensors according to the biorecognition elements while discussing developing technologies like CRISPR/Cas biosensors, and finally examines the various applications in health-related diagnostics. Various studies, which include wearable and patient-friendly devices, were included, and the movement toward point-of-care testing and continuous health tracking was demonstrated. By connecting these technological advances to the needs of both clinical practice and everyday health monitoring, the review underscores the growing importance of nanomaterials in the fabrication of biosensors for personalized medicine and their steady path toward broader commercialization.