The association between cognitive leisure activities, mobility, participation and physical activities among community-dwelling older adults in Nigeria

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI:10.1016/j.aggp.2026.100257

Sochima Johnmark Obiekwe, Favour Chidera Kanu, Marvelous Oyinloluwa Adeniyi, Chisom Jennifer Chima, Uzoamaka Nwakaego Akobundu, Uchenna Prosper Okonkwo

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Abstract

Introduction

Cognitive leisure activities are known to improve cognition, executive function, and quality of life, yet their influence on mobility, physical activity, and social participation among older adults is underexplored. This study examined these associations in community-dwelling older adults in Nigeria.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 220 (mean age: 70.4 ± 7.36 years) consecutively recruited older adults in Nnewi, using the modified Cognitive Leisure Activities Scale (CLAS), Life-Space Questionnaire (LSQ), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and the Participation Scale (P-Scale).

Results

Over 70% of participants reported never playing chess, checkers, scrabble, or puzzles, while nearly half read books regularly and two-thirds socialised with friends at least monthly. Religious activities were highly prominent, with 90.4% participating weekly or more, while volunteering and club activities were also common. In contrast, creative pursuits such as painting, writing, and attending theatre, concerts, or museums were rare. Listening to music, singing, and watching television showed more balanced distributions across weekly and daily frequencies. The mean physical activity score (PASE) was 139.19 (SD = 60.65), and most participants reported no-to-mild participation restrictions with good levels of mobility. Correlation and regression analyses revealed that cognitive leisure activities were strongly associated with higher life-space mobility and lower participation restrictions, but not with physical activity.

Conclusion

Greater engagement in cognitive leisure activities can influence higher life-space mobility and lower participation restrictions, but their influence may be limited or indirect on physical activity; therefore, they should not be sidelined in promoting healthy ageing among community-dwelling older adults.

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尼日利亚社区居住老年人的认知休闲活动、流动性、参与和身体活动之间的关系

众所周知，认知休闲活动可以改善老年人的认知、执行功能和生活质量，但它们对老年人的行动能力、身体活动和社会参与的影响尚未得到充分探讨。本研究在尼日利亚社区居住的老年人中调查了这些关联。方法采用改进的认知休闲活动量表（CLAS）、生活空间问卷（LSQ）、老年人体力活动量表（PASE）和参与量表（P-Scale），对Nnewi地区连续招募的220名老年人（平均年龄70.4±7.36岁）进行横断面调查。结果：超过70%的参与者从不下棋、跳棋、拼字游戏或拼图，近一半的人经常读书，三分之二的人至少每月与朋友聚会一次。宗教活动非常突出，有90.4%的人每周或以上参加一次，而志愿服务和俱乐部活动也很常见。相比之下，创造性的追求，如绘画、写作、参加戏剧、音乐会或博物馆是罕见的。听音乐、唱歌和看电视在每周和每日频率上的分布更为平衡。平均身体活动得分（PASE）为139.19 (SD = 60.65)，大多数参与者报告无至轻度参与限制，活动水平良好。相关分析和回归分析显示，认知休闲活动与较高的生活空间流动性和较低的参与限制密切相关，但与身体活动无关。结论更多的认知休闲活动可以提高生活空间流动性和降低参与限制，但对身体活动的影响可能有限或间接；因此，在促进社区居住的老年人健康老龄化方面，他们不应被排除在外。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus

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