Prevalence of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in patients with heart failure

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q4 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrinologia Diabetes Y Nutricion Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-07 DOI:10.1016/j.endien.2026.501718

M. Carmen Dameto Pons, Elena González Arnáiz, María Antequera González, María Casado Rodríguez, Diana García Sastre, María García Duque, Javier Castañón Alonso, Diana Ariadel Cobo, María D. Ballesteros Pomar

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Abstract

Introduction

Malnutrition, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity have a significant impact on patients with heart failure. Therefore, it is important to perform nutritional assessment in this group of patients. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of malnutrition, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in patients with heart failure, assess their quality of life, and eventually reassess their nutritional status.

Methodology

We conducted an observational study of patients with heart failure randomly referred by thecCardiology department and examined from 2021 through 2022 in the Nutrition department and then re-evaluated in 2024. The diagnosis of malnutrition was established using the GLIM criteria; sarcopenia was diagnosed according to EWGSOP2, and sarcopenic obesity according to the ESPEN/EASO criteria.

Results

A total of 41 patients were evaluated between 2021 and 2022, of whom 23 were re-evaluated in 2024. A total of 82.6% were men (mean age, 64 yeras [SD, 10.6]). Initially the prevalence of malnutrition was 21.7%; sarcopenia, 8.7%; and sarcopenic obesity, 4.3%. Caloric and protein requirements were not reached in 63.2% and 47.4%, respectively. A total of 26.1% of patients had a low calf circumference (CC) value; 100% had low lower limb strength, 90.9% had low gait speed, and 50% had low stability. All patients (100%) had a good quality of life as assessed by the MLHFQ questionnaire. At reassessment, the prevalence of malnutrition was 21.7%; sarcopenia, 17.4%; and sarcopenic obesity, 8.7%. Caloric and protein requirements were not reached in 60.9% and 78.3%, respectively. Furthermore, 52.2% had low CC value, 100% had low lower limb strength, 91.3% had low speed and 43.5% had low stability. A total of 91.3% had a good quality of life as assessed by the MLHFQ questionnaire.

Conclusions

Approximately 20% of patients with heart failure exhibit malnutrition at initial assessment and during follow-up. A high percentage of patients do not achieve nutritional requirements, presenting deterioration in functional tests and worsening quality of life. It is therefore advisable to establish early and sustained nutritional screening and assessment strategies in these patients, establishing the appropriate nutritional medical treatment.

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心力衰竭患者营养不良、肌肉减少症和肌肉减少性肥胖的患病率

导读：营养不良、肌少症和肌少性肥胖对心力衰竭患者有显著影响。因此，对这组患者进行营养评估是很重要的。本研究的目的是确定心力衰竭患者营养不良、肌肉减少症和肌肉减少性肥胖的患病率，评估他们的生活质量，并最终重新评估他们的营养状况。方法：我们对心内科随机转诊的心力衰竭患者进行了一项观察性研究，并于2021年至2022年在营养科进行了检查，然后在2024年进行了重新评估。营养不良的诊断采用GLIM标准；根据EWGSOP2诊断肌少症，根据ESPEN/EASO诊断肌少性肥胖。结果：2021 - 2022年共评估41例患者，其中23例在2024年重新评估。82.6%为男性（平均年龄64岁[SD， 10.6]）。最初，营养不良发生率为21.7%；sarcopenia, 8.7%;肌肉减少型肥胖占4.3%。热量和蛋白质需求分别达不到63.2%和47.4%。26.1%的患者小腿围（CC）值较低；100%患者下肢力量低，90.9%患者步态速度低，50%患者稳定性低。所有患者（100%）通过MLHFQ问卷评估生活质量良好。重新评估时，营养不良患病率为21.7%；sarcopenia, 17.4%;肌肉减少型肥胖占8.7%。热量和蛋白质需求分别达不到60.9%和78.3%。此外，52.2%的人CC值低，100%的人下肢强度低，91.3%的人速度低，43.5%的人稳定性低。通过MLHFQ问卷评估，91.3%的人生活质量良好。结论：大约20%的心力衰竭患者在初始评估和随访期间表现出营养不良。很高比例的患者不能达到营养要求，导致功能检查恶化，生活质量恶化。因此，建议在这些患者中建立早期和持续的营养筛查和评估策略，建立适当的营养医学治疗。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Endocrinologia Diabetes Y Nutricion Multiple-

CiteScore

2.10

自引率

10.50%

发文量

期刊介绍： Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición is the official journal of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición, SEEN) and the Spanish Society of Diabetes (Sociedad Española de Diabetes, SED), and was founded in 1954. The aim of the journal is to improve knowledge and be a useful tool in practice for clinical and laboratory specialists, trainee physicians, researchers, and nurses interested in endocrinology, diabetes, nutrition and related disciplines. It is an international journal published in Spanish (print and online) and English (online), covering different fields of endocrinology and metabolism, including diabetes, obesity, and nutrition disorders, as well as the most relevant research produced mainly in Spanish language territories. The quality of the contents is ensured by a prestigious national and international board, and by a selected panel of specialists involved in a rigorous peer review. The result is that only manuscripts containing high quality research and with utmost interest for clinicians and professionals related in the field are published. The Journal publishes Original clinical and research articles, Reviews, Special articles, Clinical Guidelines, Position Statements from both societies and Letters to the editor. Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición can be found at Science Citation Index Expanded, Medline/PubMed and SCOPUS.