Agricultural plastics in Canada and the globe: a cross-sectoral analysis of usage patterns, socioeconomic impacts, environmental risks, and policy responses

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of agricultural plastic use and waste management in Canada, based on Cleanfarms data (2014–2024) and international comparisons. More than 61 000 tonnes of agri-plastics are produced annually, largely in the Prairie provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba), with field crops contributing the most through bale wraps, grain bags, and trays. Recovery remains limited, with most waste landfilled or disposed of on-farm. While plastics improve efficiency and yields, they generate environmental risks including soil and water contamination, greenhouse gas emissions, and microplastic accumulation. Policy responses are fragmented: Saskatchewan and Quebec have stronger Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) models, while education and infrastructure remain limited elsewhere. Compared with the European Union (EU), Australia, and Japan, Canada lags in recycling rates, though it performs better than the United States of America (USA) and many developing countries. The study calls for a harmonized national framework, stronger incentives, and cooperative approaches to advance a circular economy in Canadian agriculture.