{"title":"Comparative analysis of salivary IL-4 and CXCL6 dynamics following tooth extraction in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.","authors":"M-A Alsaegh, Y-I Shehhi, S-R Shetty, O Mahmoud, J-K Narayanan, S-R Varma","doi":"10.4317/medoral.28058","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tooth extraction initiates a regulated inflammatory healing response. Diabetes mellitus may alter this early tissue response; however, data on early salivary cytokine and chemokine changes after extraction in diabetic individuals remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to compare early postoperative salivary interlukine-4 (IL-4) and CXC motif chemokine ligand 6 (CXCL6) dynamics following tooth extraction in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study was conducted including 30 participants, comprising 20 individuals with controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and 10 healthy controls. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected at three time points: Before extraction, 1 hour post-extraction and 2 days post-extraction. Salivary IL-4 and CXCL6 concentrations were measured using a Luminex multiplex assay. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was applied to examine within-subject temporal effects and between-group differences, as well as their interaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IL-4 levels did not show significant changes over time (p=0.453) and did not differ between diabetic and non-diabetic participants (p=0.221), with no significant time-by-group interaction (p=0.526). In contrast, CXCL6 demonstrated a significant effect of time (p=0.035) and a significant time-by-group interaction (p=0.043), indicating distinct temporal response patterns between groups, although overall CXCL6 levels did not differ significantly between diabetic and control participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early post-extraction healing in diabetes demonstrates altered inflammatory kinetics. While salivary IL-4 remained stable within the first 48 hours, CXCL6 exhibited significant time and group-dependent modulation, indicating dysregulated early inflammatory responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":49016,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Oral Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399973/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Medicina Oral Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.28058","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Background: Tooth extraction initiates a regulated inflammatory healing response. Diabetes mellitus may alter this early tissue response; however, data on early salivary cytokine and chemokine changes after extraction in diabetic individuals remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to compare early postoperative salivary interlukine-4 (IL-4) and CXC motif chemokine ligand 6 (CXCL6) dynamics following tooth extraction in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.
Material and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted including 30 participants, comprising 20 individuals with controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and 10 healthy controls. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected at three time points: Before extraction, 1 hour post-extraction and 2 days post-extraction. Salivary IL-4 and CXCL6 concentrations were measured using a Luminex multiplex assay. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was applied to examine within-subject temporal effects and between-group differences, as well as their interaction.
Results: IL-4 levels did not show significant changes over time (p=0.453) and did not differ between diabetic and non-diabetic participants (p=0.221), with no significant time-by-group interaction (p=0.526). In contrast, CXCL6 demonstrated a significant effect of time (p=0.035) and a significant time-by-group interaction (p=0.043), indicating distinct temporal response patterns between groups, although overall CXCL6 levels did not differ significantly between diabetic and control participants.
Conclusions: Early post-extraction healing in diabetes demonstrates altered inflammatory kinetics. While salivary IL-4 remained stable within the first 48 hours, CXCL6 exhibited significant time and group-dependent modulation, indicating dysregulated early inflammatory responses.
期刊介绍：
1. Oral Medicine and Pathology:
Clinicopathological as well as medical or surgical management aspects of
diseases affecting oral mucosa, salivary glands, maxillary bones, as well as
orofacial neurological disorders, and systemic conditions with an impact on
the oral cavity.
2. Oral Surgery:
Surgical management aspects of diseases affecting oral mucosa, salivary glands,
maxillary bones, teeth, implants, oral surgical procedures. Surgical management
of diseases affecting head and neck areas.
3. Medically compromised patients in Dentistry:
Articles discussing medical problems in Odontology will also be included, with
a special focus on the clinico-odontological management of medically compromised patients, and considerations regarding high-risk or disabled patients.
4. Implantology
5. Periodontology
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