{"title":"Impact of periodontal maintenance frequency on inflammatory and structural parameters: A propensity score-matched cohort study.","authors":"G-S Chatzopoulos, L-F Wolff","doi":"10.4317/medoral.28133","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To determine the causal efficacy of supportive periodontal care (SPC) frequency on inflammatory and anatomical periodontal outcomes using a propensity score-matched analysis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study utilized electronic health records from a multi-center dental data repository. Adult patients with periodontitis and at least one year of follow-up were classified into two maintenance cohorts based on their average recall interval: Frequent Maintenance (≤4.5 months) and Infrequent Maintenance (≥5.5 months). Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to balance baseline covariates, including age, gender, diabetes, smoking status, and baseline disease severity (PPD and CAL), resulting in a matched sample of 1,500 patients. The primary outcomes were the annualized rates of change in PPD and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). Secondary outcomes included changes in clinical attachment level (CAL), furcation involvement, and tooth mobility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients in the Frequent Maintenance group demonstrated significantly greater annual reductions in PPD (-0.19mm vs. -0.12mm; p<0.001) and BOP (-8.97% vs. -4.38%; p<0.001) compared to the Infrequent group. This represented a two-fold greater reduction in inflammatory burden for frequent attendees. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between groups regarding the improvement of acquired periodontal defects, including furcation involvement (p=0.15) and tooth mobility (p=0.57).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Frequent SPC provides a robust biological benefit by significantly reducing gingival inflammation and pocket depth but does not independently reverse acquired defects like furcation involvement or tooth mobility. These findings support a risk-based maintenance approach where visit frequency targets inflammation, while structural stability requires distinct therapeutic expectations or interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49016,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Oral Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312328/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Medicina Oral Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.28133","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: To determine the causal efficacy of supportive periodontal care (SPC) frequency on inflammatory and anatomical periodontal outcomes using a propensity score-matched analysis.
Material and methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized electronic health records from a multi-center dental data repository. Adult patients with periodontitis and at least one year of follow-up were classified into two maintenance cohorts based on their average recall interval: Frequent Maintenance (≤4.5 months) and Infrequent Maintenance (≥5.5 months). Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to balance baseline covariates, including age, gender, diabetes, smoking status, and baseline disease severity (PPD and CAL), resulting in a matched sample of 1,500 patients. The primary outcomes were the annualized rates of change in PPD and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). Secondary outcomes included changes in clinical attachment level (CAL), furcation involvement, and tooth mobility.
Results: Patients in the Frequent Maintenance group demonstrated significantly greater annual reductions in PPD (-0.19mm vs. -0.12mm; p<0.001) and BOP (-8.97% vs. -4.38%; p<0.001) compared to the Infrequent group. This represented a two-fold greater reduction in inflammatory burden for frequent attendees. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between groups regarding the improvement of acquired periodontal defects, including furcation involvement (p=0.15) and tooth mobility (p=0.57).
Conclusions: Frequent SPC provides a robust biological benefit by significantly reducing gingival inflammation and pocket depth but does not independently reverse acquired defects like furcation involvement or tooth mobility. These findings support a risk-based maintenance approach where visit frequency targets inflammation, while structural stability requires distinct therapeutic expectations or interventions.
背景：通过倾向评分匹配分析，确定支持性牙周护理（SPC）频率对炎症和牙周解剖结果的因果效应。材料和方法：本回顾性队列研究利用来自多中心牙科数据存储库的电子健康记录。随访至少1年的成年牙周炎患者根据其平均回忆间隔分为两个维持组：频繁维持（≤4.5个月）和不频繁维持（≥5.5个月）。进行倾向评分匹配（1:1）以平衡基线共变量，包括年龄、性别、糖尿病、吸烟状况和基线疾病严重程度（PPD和CAL），结果匹配样本为1,500例患者。主要结局是PPD和探查出血（BOP）的年化变化率。次要结果包括临床附着水平（CAL）、分叉受累程度和牙齿活动度的变化。结果：频繁维持组的患者PPD的年下降幅度更大（-0.19mm vs -0.12mm）。结论：频繁SPC通过显着减少牙龈炎症和袋深提供了强大的生物学效益，但不能独立逆转获得性缺陷，如分支受损伤或牙齿移动。这些发现支持基于风险的维持方法，即就诊频率针对炎症，而结构稳定性需要不同的治疗预期或干预措施。
期刊介绍：
1. Oral Medicine and Pathology:
Clinicopathological as well as medical or surgical management aspects of
diseases affecting oral mucosa, salivary glands, maxillary bones, as well as
orofacial neurological disorders, and systemic conditions with an impact on
the oral cavity.
2. Oral Surgery:
Surgical management aspects of diseases affecting oral mucosa, salivary glands,
maxillary bones, teeth, implants, oral surgical procedures. Surgical management
of diseases affecting head and neck areas.
3. Medically compromised patients in Dentistry:
Articles discussing medical problems in Odontology will also be included, with
a special focus on the clinico-odontological management of medically compromised patients, and considerations regarding high-risk or disabled patients.
4. Implantology
5. Periodontology
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