Home-use Photobiomodulation for Pain Management and Recovery after Lower Third Molar Extraction: A Pilot Split-Mouth Study.

Abstract

Introduction: The extraction of lower third molars often results in pain, swelling, and trismus, significantly impacting recovery. Conventional pharmacological treatments, though effective, pose risks like systemic side effects. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is a promising non-invasive alternative, known for its anti-inflammatory and healing properties. This study evaluates the efficacy of home-use PBM devices in postoperative recovery, emphasizing accessibility and patient adherence. Methods: A split-mouth pilot study was conducted with 12 participants (18-45 years old) undergoing bilateral third molar extractions. One side was treated with daily PBM therapy using a low-level light device (four wavelengths: 940 nm, 850 nm, 660 nm, 630 nm) for seven days, while the other side served as a placebo. Recovery metrics, including pain (VAS scale), swelling, trismus, and medication use, were assessed daily. Statistical analysis utilized the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The PBM group showed significantly reduced pain (Day 3: P=0.001), swelling (Day 7: P=0.001), and trismus (Day 4: P=0.037), with sustained improvements through Day 7. Analgesic use was significantly lower in the PBM group (Day 4: P=0.001), demonstrating PBM's analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion: Home-use PBM therapy effectively manages postoperative complications, accelerating recovery and reducing medication dependence. It offers a practical, non-invasive alternative to clinic-based treatments, enhancing accessibility and adherence. Further studies are recommended to validate these findings and optimize PBM protocols.