Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Viability, Migration, and Gene Expression of Human Gingival Fibroblasts.

Abstract

Introduction: The wound healing process is a complex cascade of events crucial for tissue repair, involving cellular and molecular mechanisms. Disruptions can lead to chronic wounds. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) utilizing red and near-infrared light has emerged as a promising modality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PBMT with 650 and 810 nm lasers, alone and in combination, on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), focusing on cell viability, migration, cytokine production, and expression of genes (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, VEGF, Fibronectin, Collagen I, MMP1, and MMP8). Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts were irradiated with 650 and/or 810 nm lasers at varying doses. MTT assay, scratch assay, cytokine profiling (IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α), and real-time PCR were performed. Results: PBMT significantly enhanced cell viability and migration, with combined 650 and 810 nm showing the most pronounced effects. Cytokine profiling and gene expression revealed wavelength-specific responses: upregulation of VEGF, Fibronectin, and Collagen I, and differential modulation of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MMP1, and MMP8. Conclusion: PBMT exerts wavelength-dependent effects on fibroblast activity, with synergistic benefits observed under combined irradiation. These findings highlight PBMT's potential for wound healing and regenerative medicine.