Hortência Aparecida Dos Reis Santana, Isabela Pedra Diamantino, Jean Carlos de Araújo Arruda, Pedro Alysson Mota da Silva, Gabrieli Souza Dos Santos, Jonatas César Matos de Oliveira, Vanessa Oliveira de Souza, Clécio Ribeiro Costa, Andrea Pereira Macke, Karen Nepomuceno Sá Teles, Fernando do Prado Vieira, Filipe Rocha Lima, Jonilson Berlink Lima
{"title":"Pure neural leprosy in a child: case report and diagnostic challenges.","authors":"Hortência Aparecida Dos Reis Santana, Isabela Pedra Diamantino, Jean Carlos de Araújo Arruda, Pedro Alysson Mota da Silva, Gabrieli Souza Dos Santos, Jonatas César Matos de Oliveira, Vanessa Oliveira de Souza, Clécio Ribeiro Costa, Andrea Pereira Macke, Karen Nepomuceno Sá Teles, Fernando do Prado Vieira, Filipe Rocha Lima, Jonilson Berlink Lima","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0158-2025","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pure neural leprosy (PNL) is infrequent and manifests exclusively in the peripheral nerves without skin involvement, making the diagnosis more complex. We report the case of a 10-year-old child with muscle atrophy and sensory loss, diagnosed through clinical evaluation, grade 2 disability, and a positive anti-PGL-I test. The slit-skin smear (SSS) was negative for acid-fast bacilli. After 12 months of multidrug therapy, esthesiometric sensitivity improved; however, neurological deficits persisted, requiring anti-inflammatory treatment and physiotherapy. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for preventing disabilities. Tools, such as anti-PGL-I tests and imaging, are crucial, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"59 ","pages":"e01582025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12990783/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0158-2025","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PARASITOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Pure neural leprosy (PNL) is infrequent and manifests exclusively in the peripheral nerves without skin involvement, making the diagnosis more complex. We report the case of a 10-year-old child with muscle atrophy and sensory loss, diagnosed through clinical evaluation, grade 2 disability, and a positive anti-PGL-I test. The slit-skin smear (SSS) was negative for acid-fast bacilli. After 12 months of multidrug therapy, esthesiometric sensitivity improved; however, neurological deficits persisted, requiring anti-inflammatory treatment and physiotherapy. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for preventing disabilities. Tools, such as anti-PGL-I tests and imaging, are crucial, particularly in resource-limited settings.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine (JBSTM) isan official journal of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine) with open access. It is amultidisciplinary journal that publishes original researches related totropical diseases, preventive medicine, public health, infectious diseasesand related matters. Preference for publication will be given to articlesreporting original observations or researches. The journal has a peer-reviewsystem for articles acceptance and its periodicity is bimonthly. The Journalof the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine is published in English.The journal invites to publication Major Articles, Editorials, Reviewand Mini-Review Articles, Short Communications, Case Reports, TechnicalReports, Images in Infectious Diseases, Letters, Supplements and Obituaries.
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