Strategies to target PD-1/PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment.

Abstract

In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has become one of the most important methods in cancer treatment, which can kill tumors by activating the immune system. The PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint signaling pathway in the tumor microenvironment can impair T cell responses and thereby promote tumor immune escape. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway can enhance the antitumor immune response and improve the therapeutic effect. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have shown antitumor effects in clinical practice and are revolutionizing the field of cancer management. Recent studies have shown that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the tumor microenvironment is finely regulated, and inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 signal by targeting its regulatory mechanism can activate the antitumor immune response and reverse the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. New strategies and drugs designed and developed for the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade have brought new hope for better treatment of tumors. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.