Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Health of Rural Workers: A Global Review.

Abstract

Introduction: This study was a global review of the health, exposure levels, and prevention and protection strategies of rural workers in conditions of direct sunlight.

Methods: The authors conducted a review based on the PRISMA guidelines using the ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed databases. The selection included articles published between 2019 and 2025 that focused on rural workers and exposure to solar radiation. The screening resulted in 18 studies being analysed.

Findings: In general, it was observed that rural workers are exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation for long hours, do not receive guidance, and do not have adequate protective equipment. Most rural workers do not use sunscreen regularly, are unaware of the cumulative effects of radiation, and adopt minimal photoprotection practices. These routines compromise skin and eye health and increase the risk of occupational skin cancer for these workers. The lack of specific regulations makes it difficult for companies to adopt assertive preventive measures and for workers to incorporate protective habits into their daily work routines.

Conclusion: This study found risk management of sun exposure in rural areas is ineffective and highlights the need for coordinated actions by governments, companies, and institutions to protect workers exposed to ultraviolet radiation.