Imaging-based prognostic factors in patients undergoing thermal ablation for colorectal liver metastases. A retrospective study on the role of sarcopenia parameters and tumor burden score.

Abstract

Background: To investigate imaging-based prognostic factors in patients who underwent thermal ablation for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), with a focus on sarcopenia-related body composition parameters and L1-bone-density in comparison to tumor burden score (TBS).

Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who received thermal ablation for CRLM at our tertiary care center between 2009 and 2023. CT-derived body composition metrics included the psoas muscle volume index (PMVI), the psoas muscle index (PMI), and L1-bone-density. PMVI was automatically extracted using the open-source deep learning tool TotalSegmentator. Comparisons between 1-year survivors and non-survivors were performed using unpaired t-tests.

Results: A total of 88 patients were included, most had previously undergone hepatic resection (n = 72, 82%). Among sarcopenia-related imaging markers, PMVI showed a significant association with 1-year survival (p = 0.048), with higher PMVI values observed in survivors (mean 113.3 cm³/m³) compared to non-survivors (mean 101.3 cm³/m³). No significant differences were observed for L1-density (p = 0.925) or PMI (p = 0.137). Similarly, the TBS was not significantly associated with 1-year survival (p = 0.182).

Conclusions: In our cohort of patients treated with thermal ablation for CRLM, PMVI showed significant association with 1-year survival, which was not observed for conventional tumor burden score or other sarcopenia-related imaging parameters.