Transdiagnostic neuropsychological factors in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder and premenstrual syndrome: a comparison of the premenstrual and postmenstrual phases

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to compare transdiagnostic neuropsychological factors among women with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), and asymptomatic control groups.

Methods

Using a causal-comparative design, 150 female university students aged 20 to 35 were selected through purposive sampling. Participants were categorized into PMS, PMDD, and asymptomatic control groups based on a structured clinical interview and a screening questionnaire. Neurocognitive functioning was assessed using the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the Go/No-Go Task, and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT).

Results

Significant differences were observed among the three groups in sustained attention, inhibitory control, and risky decision-making. The PMDD group consistently showed lower performance than the PMS and asymptomatic control groups. Within-group phase comparisons revealed a significant decline in sustained attention only in the PMS group during the premenstrual phase, while other cognitive functions remained stable across menstrual cycle phases. No significant menstrual cycle phase changes were observed in the PMDD or asymptomatic control groups.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that women with PMDD and PMS exhibit difficulties in attention, inhibitory control, and decision-making compared to the asymptomatic control group. Such difficulties appear to be related to symptom burden, highlighting potential targets for assessment and intervention.