Tobacco Smoking and Smoke-Free Products as Risk Factors for Dental Implants: A Systematic Review

IF 5.9 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical Oral Implants Research Pub Date : 2026-03-10 Epub Date: 2026-03-03 DOI:10.1111/clr.70108

Calciolari Elena, Corbella Stefano, Dourou Marina, Ercal Pinar, Donos Nikolaos

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

This systematic review aimed to investigate the effect of tobacco smoking and smoke-free products as risk factors for dental implants.

Materials and Methods

Three databases were searched to identify studies reporting on the risk of implant failure/survival in tobacco smokers or smoke-free users as compared to non-smokers in studies with ≥ 1 year of follow-up post-implant loading. Data on biological complications and radiographic peri-implant crestal bone loss (CBL) were also collected. Meta-analyses computed the Odds Ratio (OR) of implant survival with its confidence interval by applying the DerSimonian and Laird's random effect method, with p set at < 0.01.

Results

Forty-five articles reporting on 44 studies were included, 41 of which reported on the effect of cigarette smoking, with a follow-up from 1 to up to 17 years. Overall, a significantly reduced implant survival both at implant and patient level was indicated in cigarette smokers (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.27; 0.61, p < 0.001 and OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.20; 0.90, p = 0.02, respectively). An increased CBL of 0.64 mm (95% CI 0.29; 0.99, p < 0.001) was also suggested in cigarette smokers, and the majority of studies reported a higher incidence of peri-implantitis. Insufficient data are available for smoke-free users.

Conclusions

Although tobacco smoking is not considered an absolute contraindication for implant therapy, evidence indicates that it has a detrimental effect on peri-implant tissues, leading to an increased risk of implant failure and crestal bone loss. Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation should always be integrated in the treatment plan of patients receiving implant-supported rehabilitations.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO number: CRD42024628116

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

吸烟和无烟产品作为牙种植体的危险因素：一项系统综述。

目的本系统综述旨在探讨吸烟和无烟产品作为种植体危险因素的影响。材料和方法检索了三个数据库，以确定在植入后随访≥1年的研究中，吸烟者或无烟使用者与非吸烟者相比，报告了种植体失败/生存风险的研究。生物学并发症和种植体周围嵴骨丢失（CBL）的影像学数据也被收集。meta分析采用DerSimonian和Laird随机效应法计算种植体存活的优势比（Odds Ratio， OR）及其置信区间，p < 0.01。结果纳入了44项研究的45篇文章，其中41篇报道了吸烟的影响，随访时间从1年到17年不等。总体而言，吸烟者在种植体和患者水平上的种植体存活率均显著降低（OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.27; 0.61, p < 0.001; OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.20; 0.90, p = 0.02）。吸烟者的CBL增加了0.64 mm (95% CI 0.29; 0.99, p < 0.001)，大多数研究报告了种植体周围炎的发生率较高。无烟使用者的数据不足。结论虽然吸烟不是种植体治疗的绝对禁忌症，但有证据表明吸烟对种植体周围组织有不利影响，导致种植体失败和牙冠骨丢失的风险增加。个人戒烟行为咨询应始终纳入患者接受种植支持康复的治疗计划。试验注册号：CRD42024628116。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical Oral Implants Research 医学-工程：生物医学

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

11.60%

发文量

149

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Clinical Oral Implants Research conveys scientific progress in the field of implant dentistry and its related areas to clinicians, teachers and researchers concerned with the application of this information for the benefit of patients in need of oral implants. The journal addresses itself to clinicians, general practitioners, periodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons and prosthodontists, as well as to teachers, academicians and scholars involved in the education of professionals and in the scientific promotion of the field of implant dentistry.