Chronic scrotal content pain and viral orchiepididymitis: an overlooked hypothesis linking infection and Wallerian degeneration.

IF 2 3区医学 Q2 ANDROLOGY

Basic and Clinical Andrology Pub Date : 2026-03-02 DOI:10.1186/s12610-026-00301-9

Thiago A Teixeira, Eduardo Zinoni Pato, Maria Christina W Avellar, Raul Sanchez, Igor V Coimbra, Joël R Drevet, Jorge Hallak

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Chronic scrotal content pain (CSCP) is a challenging clinical condition, often undiagnosed, and marked by persistent or intermittent pain that may be localized or generalized and significantly affect quality of life. Wallerian degeneration, an inflammatory process involving axonal degeneration, may underlie the mechanism. While bacterial infections are recognized contributors to CSCP, the role of viral infections is less understood.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science for studies reporting associations between viral infections and scrotal or testicular pain. Of 142 identified records, 61 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed qualitatively.

Results: Our review assesses whether testicular or epididymal viral infections might contribute to CSCP. The literature points to a possible link, though definitive histopathological evidence remains scarce. Tissue biopsies may provide greater diagnostic clarity and inform treatment decisions.

Conclusions: Additional research is needed to understand how viral infections affect testicular function, semen quality, and fertility, to improve patient outcomes globally.

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慢性阴囊内容物疼痛和病毒性睾丸附睾炎：一个被忽视的假设连接感染和沃勒氏变性。

背景：慢性阴囊内容物痛（CSCP）是一种具有挑战性的临床疾病，通常未被诊断，其特征是持续性或间歇性疼痛，可能是局部的或全身性的，并显著影响生活质量。沃勒氏变性，一种涉及轴突变性的炎症过程，可能是其机制的基础。虽然细菌感染是公认的CSCP的贡献者，但病毒感染的作用却鲜为人知。方法：我们系统地检索PubMed、MEDLINE和Web of Science，查找病毒感染与阴囊或睾丸疼痛相关的研究报告。在鉴定的142份记录中，61份符合纳入标准，并进行定性分析。结果：我们的综述评估了睾丸或附睾病毒感染是否可能导致CSCP。文献指出了一种可能的联系，尽管明确的组织病理学证据仍然很少。组织活检可以提供更清晰的诊断，并为治疗决策提供信息。结论：需要进一步的研究来了解病毒感染如何影响睾丸功能、精液质量和生育能力，以改善全球患者的预后。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Basic and Clinical Andrology Medicine-Urology

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

22 weeks

期刊介绍： Basic and Clinical Andrology is an open access journal in the domain of andrology covering all aspects of male reproductive and sexual health in both human and animal models. The journal aims to bring to light the various clinical advancements and research developments in andrology from the international community.