Numerical Analysis of Displacement Characteristics and Surface Deformation of Anisotropic Superconductor

Abstract

In this paper, we employ the Ginzburg–Landau theory alongside classical anisotropic elasticity mechanics to develop a coupled force–magnetic–elastic model. We describe the surface deformation of YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ (YBCO) superconductors under the influence of a magnetic field, as well as the impact of the anisotropy ratio on this surface deformation. Our calculations reveal the surface dipole potential and deformation displacement of YBCO in the vortex state. Notably, we find a positive correlation between vortex density and surface displacement with variations in the magnetic field. Furthermore, the amplitudes of surface deformation and displacement are significantly influenced by the anisotropy ratio. This study elucidates the predominant role of the surface dipole potential in driving deformation, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for understanding the electromagnetic–elastic coupling mechanism in anisotropic superconductors. Additionally, it serves as a significant reference for the micro- and nanomechanical design of superconducting devices.