Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Flexural Behavior of 3D Printed Short and Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites

IF 2.9 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Applied Composite Materials Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI:10.1007/s10443-025-10430-5

Vishista Kaushik, Suresh Kurra, Ramesh B. Adusumalli

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Abstract

This study investigates the flexural behavior of 3D printed thermoplastic composites reinforced with short and long carbon fibers under varying environmental conditions. Three composite configurations: Nylon reinforced with random short fibers(RSC), and RSC reinforced with continuous fibers oriented at 0°(CF_0) and RSC with 90°(CF_90) were fabricated via fused deposition modeling. The samples were subjected to salt spray for 42 days followed by drying for seven days. After saline-humid exposure the flexural properties were evaluated at room temperature. Further, to understand the temperature effects on flexural performance of the composites the tests were conducted at -20 °C, 27 °C, 65 °C, 75 °C. CF_0 exhibited the highest flexural strength (281.3 MPa) and modulus (14.94 GPa), while RSC showed significant deformation and the highest deflection recovery (93.3%). Increasing temperature and salt exposure led to notable performance degradation, particularly in long-fiber composites. Fractographic analysis revealed brittle failure at sub-zero temperatures and ductile matrix-dominated behavior at elevated temperatures. The novelty of this work lies in systematically examining the combined influence of fiber length, fiber orientation, and environmental degradation (temperature and saline-humid exposure) on the flexural behavior of 3D printed thermoplastic composites, and the insights from this study give a new path for the adaptation of 3D printed composites in real-life applications.

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环境条件对3D打印短连续碳纤维增强复合材料弯曲性能的影响

本研究研究了3D打印的长、短碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料在不同环境条件下的弯曲行为。通过熔融沉积模型制备了随机短纤维增强尼龙（RSC）、连续纤维0°取向增强尼龙（CF_0）和90°取向增强尼龙（CF_90）三种复合材料构型。盐雾处理42 d，干燥7 d。盐湿暴露后，在室温下评估弯曲性能。此外，为了了解温度对复合材料抗弯性能的影响，分别在-20°C、27°C、65°C和75°C下进行了试验。CF_0具有最高的抗弯强度（281.3 MPa）和模量（14.94 GPa），而RSC具有明显的变形和最高的挠度恢复（93.3%）。增加温度和盐暴露会导致显著的性能下降，特别是在长纤维复合材料中。断口分析显示，该材料在零下温度下呈脆性破坏，在高温下呈延性基体主导行为。这项工作的新颖之处在于系统地研究了纤维长度、纤维取向和环境降解（温度和盐湿暴露）对3D打印热塑性复合材料弯曲行为的综合影响，本研究的见解为3D打印复合材料在实际应用中的适应提供了新的途径。

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来源期刊

Applied Composite Materials 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

4.30%

发文量

审稿时长

1.6 months

期刊介绍： Applied Composite Materials is an international journal dedicated to the publication of original full-length papers, review articles and short communications of the highest quality that advance the development and application of engineering composite materials. Its articles identify problems that limit the performance and reliability of the composite material and composite part; and propose solutions that lead to innovation in design and the successful exploitation and commercialization of composite materials across the widest spectrum of engineering uses. The main focus is on the quantitative descriptions of material systems and processing routes. Coverage includes management of time-dependent changes in microscopic and macroscopic structure and its exploitation from the material''s conception through to its eventual obsolescence.