Optimization of Thermal Quantum Entanglement and Quantum Teleportation Fidelity in Two-Qubit Graphene Lattices Under Polarized Electromagnetic Waves

Abstract

Graphene networks are a privileged platform for investigating quantum information processes due to their unique electronic structure and the unconventional diffusion behavior of electrons near Dirac points. In this work, we examine the impact of an external electromagnetic field on quantum teleportation and on the degree of thermal entanglement of two identical qubits in the ground state of a graphene network. These qubits are modeled based on the electronic states localized near the Dirac points (K and \(K'\)) of the Brillouin zone. The interaction between qubits is described by an elastic collision process, resulting in the derivation of an effective Hamiltonian and the corresponding density matrix. In this context, we examine the teleportation performance and the entanglement degree of the two-qubit system using three main indicators: the average teleportation fidelity \(F_A\), the concurrence C, and the entanglement of formation \(E_f\). Our results show that an electromagnetic field significantly enhances quantum teleportation and the degree of entanglement, even as the temperature increases. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that linear polarization of the field outperforms circular and elliptical polarizations in optimizing these phenomena. These results show how important electromagnetic fields are for maintaining quantum correlations in graphene networks. They also open up exciting possibilities for using advanced quantum communication protocols and developing quantum computing devices based on solid-state systems such as graphene.