Examining the Role of Anthropomorphism in Older Adults' Use of Intelligent Voice Assistants: More Anxious Does Not Always Mean Less Positively Affected by New Technological Features

Abstract

Backed by artificial intelligence (AI) technology, intelligent voice assistants (VAs) have gained popularity among young people. However, it is crucial not to overlook older adults. Drawing from the computer as social actors (CASA) theory, this study develops a conceptual model to examine the role of anthropomorphism, an important characteristic of VAs, in the use of VAs by older adults and to unpack the moderating effects of technology anxiety among this age group. Employing SmartPLS 4.0, the study analyzes data gathered from a survey of 266 Chinese older adults. Results show anthropomorphism positively impacts older adults' perceived usefulness, ease of use, and closeness, enhancing their willingness to use VAs. Furthermore, the impact of anthropomorphism on perceived ease of use is more significant for older adults with higher levels of technology anxiety. This study's findings enrich research on older adults' use of AI artifacts, offer valuable directions for designing VAs tailored to older adults, and promote the market popularity of VAs among older adults.