Successful Treatment of Multiple Myeloma Complicated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report.

Abstract

Background: Since the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in late 2019, COVID-19 has remained a global concern. Elderly patients with hematological malignancies are immunocompromised and thus highly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), posing significant clinical challenges. This report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with multiple myeloma (MM) who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: We collected general patient information, clinical features, laboratory results, chest CT imaging, electronic bronchoscopy results, and clinical results for analysis. This case report was approved by the Institutional Review Committee of Baiyin First People's Hospital, and informed consent was obtained from the patient.

Outcomes: We report a case of a 66-year-old male newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma who developed a SARS-CoV-2 infection following chemotherapy. His clinical condition showed marked improvement after the initiation of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy. This case underscores the heightened susceptibility of immunocompromised patients to SARS-CoV-2 and highlights the therapeutic importance of early administration of antiviral agents. A comprehensive understanding of the increased risk of opportunistic infections in patients with multiple myeloma postchemotherapy is essential for optimizing disease management and improving clinical outcomes.

Conclusion: Patients with MM have impaired immune function and are at high risk for severe infections during treatment. Proactive infection prevention and early intervention are essential to improving outcomes during treatment.