Identification of the Inferior Alveolar Canal using Cone-beam Computed Tomography versus Conventional Panoramic Radiography - A Retrospective Study.

Abstract

Introduction: The inferior alveolar canal (IAC) is a critical anatomical structure in the mandible, housing the neurovascular bundle that needs to be protected during dental procedures. Accurate assessment of its location and visibility is vital to prevent surgical complications. Therefore, this study compared the visibility and anatomical positioning of the IAC using conventional panoramic radiography (CPR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in different mandibular regions.

Materials and methods: A total of 93 dentulous patients aged over 18 years who had undergone both imaging modalities, CPR and CBCT, were included. Visibility of the IAC was assessed in five mandibular regions using a standardised scoring system, while linear measurements were used to determine its anatomical positioning. Two experienced oral radiologists independently reviewed the images. Data were analysed using SPSS Version 26.0, with Chi-square and linear regression tests applied.

Results: CBCT demonstrated significantly better IAC visibility across all mandibular regions compared to CPR (P < 0.001). Clinically, these findings underscore the importance of CBCT for precise pre-surgical planning, particularly in the posterior mandible.

Discussion: CBCT offers more visibility of posterior teeth than panoramic radiographs, making it more effective for detailed dental examinations. Study findings also showed the IAC differed based on anatomical site, with buccal placement in premolars and lingual placement in molars.