Effect of physiotherapy interventions on attention, hyperactivity, motor and cognitive outcomes in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review protocol.

Abstract

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder among children who attend school, characterized by symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Despite extensive research, the optimal management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder remains unestablished. The review intends to present evidence-based findings that will address clinical practice and guide future research directions. By integrating the existing findings, it seeks to improve the quality of life as well as their long-term outcomes of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This systematic review will assess the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions on attention, hyperactivity, motor, and cognitive outcomes among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Methods: The review will synthesize randomized controlled trials (RCTs). To assess relevant English language articles published between Inspection to February 2025, we will perform a systematic search across databases, namely PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and PEDro, CLARIVATE (Web of Science). The search strategy will use Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms as well as relevant words, e.g., "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "pediatrics", "intervention", and "physiotherapy". The risk of bias included in the studies will be evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB.2). The outcomes regarding attention, hyperactivity, motor function, and cognition for children with ADHD will be synthesized narratively. The variations by study design and characteristics of participants will be further addressed through sensitivity and subgroup analyses.

Discussion: The objective of this systematic review protocol is to assess the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions on the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Analyzing Randomized Controlled Trials systematically will establish evidence-based guidance to improve attention, diminish hyperactivity, and improve motor and cognitive function among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The outcomes of this review will aid clinicians in well-informed decision-making, optimizing therapeutic approaches, and directing research for the improvement of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder care within the pediatric population.

Clinical trial registration: PROSPERO CRD420251037307, 21st April 2025, UTC version 1.0.