Expression of BMP-2, OPG, RANKL And Number of Osteoblasts After Application of Bovine Amniotic Membrane and Secretome Umbilical Cord in Wistar Rats.

Abstract

Introduction: Bovine amniotic membrane (BAM) and secretome are tissue engineering materials studied for their high healing effects. This study aims to evaluate the expression levels of BMP-2, OPG, RANKL, and osteoblast count following the administration of BAM combined with secretome in Wistar rats undergoing socket preservation procedures. Method: This study is a pure experimental study with a randomised post-test only control group design. Pre-test measurements were not performed because the baseline condition of bone healing cannot be assessed prior to extraction without interfering with socket healing. Randomization ensured that all groups started with equivalent baseline conditions, allowing reliable comparison of outcomes across groups. The expression of BMP-2, OPG, RANKL, and the number of osteoblasts in the dental tissues of male Wistar rats were examined post-extraction following socket preservation. The research variables consisted of control, as well as those treated with BAM, secretome, and BAM-secretome. One-Way ANOVA analysis and Tukey's Post-Hoc test were conducted to compare the expression of dependent variables between treatment groups. Results: One-Way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey tests showed that the expression of BMP-2, OPG, RANKL, and the number of osteoblasts in the BAM-secretome group were significantly higher compared to control, BAM, and secretome (p<0.001). Conclusion: The combination of BAM with secretome significantly enhanced the expression of BMP-2, OPG, and osteoblast counts compared to BAM, secretome alone, and control groups with no treatment. These findings suggest that BAM-secretome holds promising potential for promoting bone regeneration. However, further phased clinical trials are essential to evaluate its safety and efficacy in socket preservation treatments.