[Impact of devices and social media on the neurodevelopment and mental health of children and adolescents].

Abstract

Early exposure to digital devices and social media has been suggested as a relevant environmental factor that may influence neurocognitive maturation during childhood and adolescence. The limited scientific evidence available indicates that excessive and unregulated use could negatively affect multiple developmental domains, including language acquisition, executive functioning, attentional control, emotional regulation, and psychosocial outcomes. Although the current evidence does not allow for definitive claims of causality, the observed associations appear suggestive of potential links with these symptoms. In young children, prolonged screen time might be associated with language delays, impairments in working memory, and sleep disturbances. Among adolescents, compulsive use of social media may hyperactivate mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways, potentially reinforcing maladaptive reward-seeking behaviors and increasing vulnerability to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. These findings highlight the urgent need for evidence-based preventive strategies, parental mediation, and comprehensive public health interventions. While absolute certainty of causality is lacking, further investigation into these possible risks remains necessary.