Non-surgical Endodontic Management of a Maxillary Central Incisor with Vertucci's Type V Morphology: A 57-month Follow-up Case Report.

Abstract

Maxillary central incisors typically exhibit a single root and canal. The presence of two roots with separate canals, as defined by Vertucci's type V morphology, is extremely rare and presents diagnostic and technical challenges for nonsurgical endodontic treatment. This report describes the endodontic management of a maxillary right central incisor (tooth #11) exhibiting a sinus tract, negative responses to pulp sensibility tests, and radiographic evidence of apical periodontitis in a 24-year-old female patient. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed a two-rooted anatomy with independent canals splitting at the middle third. Under magnification, access was refined using ultrasonic tips. The palatal root canal was prepared with NiTi CM rotary files, while the wider buccal canal was instrumented with stainless steel K-files. Both canals were disinfected using passive ultrasonic irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA, followed by intracanal calcium hydroxide medication. Obturation was completed using the single-cone technique with a bioceramic sealer. Radiographic follow-up at 14 and 57 months confirmed complete periapical healing and absence of symptoms, demonstrating long-term clinical success. Atypical root canal anatomy in maxillary incisors necessitates advanced imaging/magnification. The use of CBCT, NiTi CM files, and bioceramic sealers enabled accurate diagnosis, conservative canal shaping, and a successful long-term outcome in this rare morphology case.