NF-κB p65 as a predictive biomarker of low-grade inflammation in ART-treated HIV-1 infection: comparison with HS-CRP.

IF 2.1 4区医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Biomarkers in medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI:10.1080/17520363.2026.2628972

Sivasubramaniyan Gnanaskandan, Urmila Karunakaran, Sathyamurthy P, Jotheeswaran T, Padma Srikanth

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Low-grade inflammation remains a clinical concern in virally suppressed people living with HIV-1 (PWH). Identifying reliable biomarkers is essential for monitoring inflammation-related risk.

Methods: This exploratory cross-sectional study evaluated NF-κB p65 as a biomarker in 60 virally suppressed HIV-1 infected individuals and 60 controls. NF-κB p65 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (HS-CRP) levels were quantified. Statistical analyses were performed in R (v4.3.2) using multivariable logistic regression model, adjusting for age, gender, HS-CRP, and socio-economic status. Predictive performance was assessed using AUC, calibration, and decision curve analysis. Additional analysis includes principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering, and linear regression was performed.

Results: NF-κB p65 levels were significantly elevated in PWH than controls (p < 0.001), while HS-CRP was not independently associated. NF-κB p65 remained the strongest predictor of low-grade inflammation (OR = 2.3, AUC = 0.816) than HS-CRP. The model demonstrated good calibration and clinical utility. PCA and k-means clustering revealed heterogenous inflammatory profiles, and NF-κB p65 showed a borderline inverse association with CD4+ T cell counts. Low SES was also linked to increased inflammation (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: NF-κB p65 is a promising biomarker for monitoring subclinical inflammation in virally suppressed HIV-1 infection.

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NF-κB p65作为抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV-1感染低级别炎症的预测性生物标志物：与HS-CRP的比较

背景：在病毒抑制的HIV-1感染者（PWH）中，低级别炎症仍然是临床关注的问题。确定可靠的生物标志物对于监测炎症相关风险至关重要。方法：本探索性横断面研究评估了NF-κB p65作为60例病毒抑制HIV-1感染者和60例对照组的生物标志物。测定NF-κB p65和HS-CRP水平。在R （v4.3.2）中使用多变量logistic回归模型进行统计分析，调整年龄、性别、HS-CRP和社会经济地位。使用AUC、校准和决策曲线分析评估预测性能。其他分析包括主成分分析（PCA）， k-均值聚类和线性回归。结果：PWH组NF-κB p65水平显著高于对照组（p p）结论：NF-κB p65是监测病毒抑制HIV-1感染亚临床炎症的有希望的生物标志物。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Biomarkers in medicine 医学-医学：研究与实验

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

4.50%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Biomarkers are physical, functional or biochemical indicators of physiological or disease processes. These key indicators can provide vital information in determining disease prognosis, in predicting of response to therapies, adverse events and drug interactions, and in establishing baseline risk. The explosion of interest in biomarker research is driving the development of new predictive, diagnostic and prognostic products in modern medical practice, and biomarkers are also playing an increasingly important role in the discovery and development of new drugs. For the full utility of biomarkers to be realized, we require greater understanding of disease mechanisms, and the interplay between disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions and the proposed biomarkers. However, in attempting to evaluate the pros and cons of biomarkers systematically, we are moving into new, challenging territory. Biomarkers in Medicine (ISSN 1752-0363) is a peer-reviewed, rapid publication journal delivering commentary and analysis on the advances in our understanding of biomarkers and their potential and actual applications in medicine. The journal facilitates translation of our research knowledge into the clinic to increase the effectiveness of medical practice. As the scientific rationale and regulatory acceptance for biomarkers in medicine and in drug development become more fully established, Biomarkers in Medicine provides the platform for all players in this increasingly vital area to communicate and debate all issues relating to the potential utility and applications. Each issue includes a diversity of content to provide rounded coverage for the research professional. Articles include Guest Editorials, Interviews, Reviews, Research Articles, Perspectives, Priority Paper Evaluations, Special Reports, Case Reports, Conference Reports and Company Profiles. Review coverage is divided into themed sections according to area of therapeutic utility with some issues including themed sections on an area of topical interest. Biomarkers in Medicine provides a platform for commentary and debate for all professionals with an interest in the identification of biomarkers, elucidation of their role and formalization and approval of their application in modern medicine. The audience for Biomarkers in Medicine includes academic and industrial researchers, clinicians, pathologists, clinical chemists and regulatory professionals.