Microstructural heterogeneity and synergistic strengthening mechanisms in atmospheric plasma-sprayed nano-TiO₂ coatings

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133267

Yihao Song , Dingyong He , Yongming Guo , Gang Ji , Zheng Zhou , Xu Wu , Xingye Guo

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Abstract

Atmospheric plasma-sprayed (APS) TiO₂ coating is an effective surface strengthening technique for titanium alloys. However, the limitation of the bonding strength and fracture toughness of the APS TiO₂ coating restricts its applications. This work proposed an APS-deposited heterogeneous-microstructured TiO₂ coating prepared by the nano-agglomerated (n-TiO₂) feedstock powder, which contained the partially melted (PM) nano-grains, dynamic recrystallized grains from the partially melted particles (PM-DRX), and the columnar grains. The micron-agglomerated (m-TiO₂), and fused-crushed (f-TiO₂) powders were also used as the APS feedstock for comparison. The phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the optimized n-TiO₂, m-TiO₂, and f-TiO₂ coatings were systematically evaluated. The n-TiO₂ coating exhibited markedly superior mechanical properties due to the strengthening effect of the unique heterogeneous microstructure, including a high microhardness (1030 HV_0.3); fracture toughness (3.23 MPa·m^1/2); and especially bonding strength (46.47 MPa) that was approximately 45.18% and 33.85% higher than those of the m-TiO₂ and f-TiO₂ coatings, respectively. This finding highlighted that the APS-deposited n-TiO₂ coating had a unique heterogeneous microstructure that enhanced its mechanical properties.

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大气等离子喷涂纳米tio_2涂层的微观结构非均质性及协同强化机制

大气等离子喷涂（APS） tio2涂层是一种有效的钛合金表面强化技术。然而，APS tio2涂层的结合强度和断裂韧性的局限性制约了其应用。本文提出了一种以纳米团聚（n- tio_2）为原料，由部分熔化的纳米颗粒（PM）、部分熔化颗粒形成的动态再结晶颗粒（PM- drx）和柱状颗粒组成的aps沉积的非均质微结构tio_2涂层。微米团聚（m-TiO 2）和熔融粉碎（f-TiO 2）粉末也被用作APS的原料进行比较。系统地评价了优化后的n-TiO 2、m-TiO 2和f-TiO 2涂层的相组成、微观结构和力学性能。由于独特的非均相组织的强化作用，n-TiO2涂层表现出显著的优异力学性能，包括较高的显微硬度（1030 HV0.3）；断裂韧性（3.23 MPa·m1/2）；特别是结合强度（46.47 MPa），分别比m-TiO 2和f-TiO 2涂层高45.18%和33.85%。这一发现强调了aps沉积的n-TiO 2涂层具有独特的非均相微观结构，从而提高了其力学性能。

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来源期刊

Surface & Coatings Technology 工程技术-材料科学：膜

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

11.10%

发文量

921

审稿时长

19 days

期刊介绍： Surface and Coatings Technology is an international archival journal publishing scientific papers on significant developments in surface and interface engineering to modify and improve the surface properties of materials for protection in demanding contact conditions or aggressive environments, or for enhanced functional performance. Contributions range from original scientific articles concerned with fundamental and applied aspects of research or direct applications of metallic, inorganic, organic and composite coatings, to invited reviews of current technology in specific areas. Papers submitted to this journal are expected to be in line with the following aspects in processes, and properties/performance: A. Processes: Physical and chemical vapour deposition techniques, thermal and plasma spraying, surface modification by directed energy techniques such as ion, electron and laser beams, thermo-chemical treatment, wet chemical and electrochemical processes such as plating, sol-gel coating, anodization, plasma electrolytic oxidation, etc., but excluding painting. B. Properties/performance: friction performance, wear resistance (e.g., abrasion, erosion, fretting, etc), corrosion and oxidation resistance, thermal protection, diffusion resistance, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and properties relevant to smart materials behaviour and enhanced multifunctional performance for environmental, energy and medical applications, but excluding device aspects.