Crash consistency in an NVM-enabled hybrid storage system: Problems, solutions, and verification

IF 5.3 2区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE

Journal of Systems Architecture Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI:10.1016/j.sysarc.2026.103705

Guoyu Wang , Juncheng Hu , Chenju Pei , Tengfei Li , Kedi Lyu , Xilong Che

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Non-volatile memory (NVM), as a byte-addressable persistent device, offers capacity, performance, and cost characteristics that lie between DRAM and disk. Its emergence adds a new tier to the computer memory architecture and introduces new design challenges. Among various hybrid storage designs, we find that the Sync-triggered Selective Absorption (SA) model is both high-performing and broadly applicable when aiming to fully leverage NVM’s characteristics in conjunction with DRAM and disk. However, this model introduces three key crash consistency challenges: the Write Ordering, Write Granularity, and Parallel Write problems.

In this paper, we define a consistency model based on synchronization semantics and conduct an in-depth analysis of the three consistency challenges faced by SA systems. We then present targeted solutions for each problem and formally verify our design using model checking. We hope our exploration and resolution of these issues will offer guidance for the design of efficient and robust hybrid storage systems.

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支持nvm的混合存储系统中的崩溃一致性：问题、解决方案和验证

非易失性存储器（NVM）作为一种字节可寻址的持久设备，提供介于DRAM和磁盘之间的容量、性能和成本特征。它的出现为计算机内存体系结构增加了一个新的层次，并引入了新的设计挑战。在各种混合存储设计中，我们发现同步触发选择性吸收（SA）模型既高性能又广泛适用于充分利用NVM与DRAM和磁盘结合的特性。然而，这个模型引入了三个关键的崩溃一致性挑战：写顺序、写粒度和并行写问题。在本文中，我们定义了一个基于同步语义的一致性模型，并对SA系统面临的三个一致性挑战进行了深入的分析。然后，我们针对每个问题提出有针对性的解决方案，并使用模型检查正式验证我们的设计。我们希望我们对这些问题的探索和解决能为高效、稳健的混合存储系统的设计提供指导。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Systems Architecture 工程技术-计算机：硬件

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

15.60%

发文量

226

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Systems Architecture: Embedded Software Design (JSA) is a journal covering all design and architectural aspects related to embedded systems and software. It ranges from the microarchitecture level via the system software level up to the application-specific architecture level. Aspects such as real-time systems, operating systems, FPGA programming, programming languages, communications (limited to analysis and the software stack), mobile systems, parallel and distributed architectures as well as additional subjects in the computer and system architecture area will fall within the scope of this journal. Technology will not be a main focus, but its use and relevance to particular designs will be. Case studies are welcome but must contribute more than just a design for a particular piece of software. Design automation of such systems including methodologies, techniques and tools for their design as well as novel designs of software components fall within the scope of this journal. Novel applications that use embedded systems are also central in this journal. While hardware is not a part of this journal hardware/software co-design methods that consider interplay between software and hardware components with and emphasis on software are also relevant here.