The effects of gait speed on the responses to immediate and prolonged exposure to mediolateral optic flow perturbation in healthy young adults

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI:10.1016/j.humov.2026.103467

Chunchun Wu , Tom J.W. Buurke , Rob den Otter , Claudine J.C. Lamoth , Menno P. Veldman

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Abstract

Background

Optic flow is vital for locomotor control and is often perturbed to study the impact of optic flow on balance control. However, it remains unclear whether gait speed influences responses to such perturbations. This study aims to examine the effects of gait speed on gait parameters following immediate and prolonged exposure to mediolateral optic flow perturbations.

Methods

Twenty-one young adults (23.43 ± 4.19 years) walked on an instrumented treadmill, including 3 phases: baseline (3 min), perturbation with mediolateral optic flow (8 min), and post-perturbation (3 min). Trials were conducted at 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 m/s. Ground reaction forces and 3D motion data were collected to calculate mediolateral margin of stability (MoS), mean step length (SL), step width (SW) and their variabilities. Three repeated-measures ANOVAs (Speed by Phase) were used to compare: baseline vs. early perturbation, early vs. late perturbation, and baseline vs. post-perturbation.

Results

The responses to immediate and prolonged exposure to optic flow perturbation were speed dependent. Walking at slow speeds induced greater immediate responses in mediolateral gait parameters (SW and mediolateral MoS, both p < 0.001) compared to walking at faster speeds. During the perturbation phase, the adaptations were larger at faster vs. slower speeds for gait parameters in the direction of movement (SL, p = 0.007).

Conclusion

Immediate responses and adaptations to mediolateral optic flow perturbations are speed-dependent and larger at slower gait speeds. The responses to prolonged perturbation are interpreted as step-to-step adaptations that may inform future interventions and studies on gait speed selection.

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步态速度对健康年轻人即时和长时间暴露于中外侧光流扰动的反应的影响

光流对运动控制至关重要，研究光流对平衡控制的影响经常受到干扰。然而，目前尚不清楚步态速度是否会影响对这种扰动的反应。这项研究的目的是检查步态速度对步态参数的影响后立即和长时间暴露于中外侧光流扰动。方法21名青年（23.43±4.19岁）在仪器跑步机上行走，分为3个阶段：基线阶段（3 min）、扰动中外侧光流阶段（8 min）和扰动后阶段（3 min）。试验以0.6、1.2和1.8 m/s的速度进行。收集地面反作用力和三维运动数据，计算中外侧稳定边界（MoS）、平均步长（SL）、步宽（SW）及其变化规律。三个重复测量ANOVAs（阶段速度）用于比较：基线与早期扰动，早期与晚期扰动，基线与后扰动。结果瞬时和长时间暴露于光流摄动下的反应与速度有关。与快速行走相比，慢速行走在中外侧步态参数（SW和中外侧MoS， p < 0.001）中诱发了更大的即时反应。在摄动阶段，在运动方向上，步态参数在较快速度下比在较慢速度下的适应性更大（SL, p = 0.007）。结论对中外侧光流扰动的即时反应和适应是速度依赖性的，并且在较慢的步态速度下反应更大。对长时间扰动的反应被解释为一步一步的适应，这可能为未来的干预和步态速度选择研究提供信息。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Human Movement Science 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

4.80%

发文量

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： Human Movement Science provides a medium for publishing disciplinary and multidisciplinary studies on human movement. It brings together psychological, biomechanical and neurophysiological research on the control, organization and learning of human movement, including the perceptual support of movement. The overarching goal of the journal is to publish articles that help advance theoretical understanding of the control and organization of human movement, as well as changes therein as a function of development, learning and rehabilitation. The nature of the research reported may vary from fundamental theoretical or empirical studies to more applied studies in the fields of, for example, sport, dance and rehabilitation with the proviso that all studies have a distinct theoretical bearing. Also, reviews and meta-studies advancing the understanding of human movement are welcome. These aims and scope imply that purely descriptive studies are not acceptable, while methodological articles are only acceptable if the methodology in question opens up new vistas in understanding the control and organization of human movement. The same holds for articles on exercise physiology, which in general are not supported, unless they speak to the control and organization of human movement. In general, it is required that the theoretical message of articles published in Human Movement Science is, to a certain extent, innovative and not dismissible as just "more of the same."