Engineering MXene-based electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting: Mechanistic insights, structural modulation, and future perspectives

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon Pub Date : 2026-03-25 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI:10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121339

Dipika Priyadarsini Jena , Debabrata Bhanja , Lopamudra Giri , Bikash Kumar Jena , Bishnupad Mohanty

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Abstract

With the ever-growing demand for clean, sustainable energy, there is an increasing focus on developing efficient electrocatalysts for producing green hydrogen. Two-dimensional (2D) MXenes have recently emerged as promising materials due to their remarkable physicochemical properties and structural diversity. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest research on MXenes for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). It starts by describing the fundamental principles behind both HER and OER, and reviewing the electrocatalytic properties and limitations of pure MXenes. However, to overcome such issues and activate their properties, various modifications, including changes in metal composition, regulation of surface termination, heterostructures, heteroatom doping, and defect engineering, are covered in detail. Additionally, the relationship between the modulated structure and catalytic activity is critically examined using empirical data and theoretical concepts. In addition, this review discusses the overall long-term sustainability, scalability, and compatibility of MXene-based electrocatalysts with water electrolysis systems. The conclusion provides information on current challenges and the future outlook for their rational designs to further improve eco-friendly hydrogen production. The goal is to move forward with technologies for producing hydrogen in an environmentally friendly way.

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基于mxene的高效水分解电催化剂：机理、结构调节和未来展望

随着对清洁、可持续能源需求的不断增长，人们越来越关注开发高效的电催化剂来生产绿色氢。二维（2D） MXenes由于其卓越的物理化学性质和结构多样性，近年来成为一种有前途的材料。本文综述了MXenes在电催化析氢反应（HER）和析氧反应（OER）中的最新研究进展。它首先描述了HER和OER背后的基本原理，并回顾了纯MXenes的电催化性能和局限性。然而，为了克服这些问题并激活它们的性能，详细介绍了各种修饰，包括金属成分的变化，表面终止的调节，异质结构，杂原子掺杂和缺陷工程。此外，调制结构和催化活性之间的关系是严格检查使用经验数据和理论概念。此外，本文还讨论了基于mxene的电催化剂与水电解系统的整体长期可持续性、可扩展性和兼容性。结论提供了当前的挑战和未来的展望，为他们的合理设计，以进一步提高环保制氢。其目标是以环保的方式推进氢气生产技术的发展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Carbon 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

7.30%

发文量

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The journal Carbon is an international multidisciplinary forum for communicating scientific advances in the field of carbon materials. It reports new findings related to the formation, structure, properties, behaviors, and technological applications of carbons. Carbons are a broad class of ordered or disordered solid phases composed primarily of elemental carbon, including but not limited to carbon black, carbon fibers and filaments, carbon nanotubes, diamond and diamond-like carbon, fullerenes, glassy carbon, graphite, graphene, graphene-oxide, porous carbons, pyrolytic carbon, and other sp2 and non-sp2 hybridized carbon systems. Carbon is the companion title to the open access journal Carbon Trends. Relevant application areas for carbon materials include biology and medicine, catalysis, electronic, optoelectronic, spintronic, high-frequency, and photonic devices, energy storage and conversion systems, environmental applications and water treatment, smart materials and systems, and structural and thermal applications.