Attomolar and beyond: Ultra-sensitive electrochemical biosensors for next-generation detection

IF 12 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Analytical Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.trac.2026.118726

Pramod K. Kalambate , Amol V. Pansare , Francis Ashamary , Elangovan Sivasurya , Sushil Pokhrel , Rajender Boddula , Devaraj Manoj

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Abstract

This review highlights recent advances in electrochemical biosensors that integrate nanomaterials with specific bioreceptors for the sensitive and selective detection of nucleic acid biomarkers, protein biomarkers, viruses, and environmental contaminants. These sensors achieve extremely low detection limits, down to attomolar (aM), zeptomolar (zM), or yoctomolar (yM), enabling early and accurate diagnosis. The review summarizes research since 2013 on sensor design, highlighting the combined roles of nanomaterials and bioreceptors in enhancing performance. Important factors such as sensor design, sensing mechanisms, nanomaterial properties, surface modifications, and bioreceptor selection, along with strategies to improve sensitivity and selectivity, are discussed in detail. Key recent examples of electrochemical biosensors are presented, including their detection limits, working ranges, target molecules, and underlying sensing principles. The article also outlines major challenges in developing and commercializing ultra-sensitive sensors and provides future perspectives for advancing sensor technologies with improved performance, usability, and real-time capabilities.

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原子摩尔及以上：用于下一代检测的超灵敏电化学生物传感器

本文综述了电化学生物传感器的最新进展，这些传感器将纳米材料与特定的生物受体结合起来，用于敏感和选择性地检测核酸生物标志物、蛋白质生物标志物、病毒和环境污染物。这些传感器具有极低的检测限，低至原子摩尔（aM）、zeptomolar （zM）或yoctomolar (yM)，可以实现早期和准确的诊断。综述了自2013年以来传感器设计的研究，重点介绍了纳米材料和生物受体在提高性能方面的联合作用。详细讨论了传感器设计、传感机制、纳米材料特性、表面修饰和生物受体选择等重要因素，以及提高灵敏度和选择性的策略。介绍了电化学生物传感器的最新进展，包括它们的检测极限、工作范围、目标分子和潜在的传感原理。本文还概述了开发和商业化超灵敏传感器所面临的主要挑战，并提供了改进性能、可用性和实时功能的先进传感器技术的未来前景。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Trends in Analytical Chemistry 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

20.00

自引率

4.60%

发文量

257

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： TrAC publishes succinct and critical overviews of recent advancements in analytical chemistry, designed to assist analytical chemists and other users of analytical techniques. These reviews offer excellent, up-to-date, and timely coverage of various topics within analytical chemistry. Encompassing areas such as analytical instrumentation, biomedical analysis, biomolecular analysis, biosensors, chemical analysis, chemometrics, clinical chemistry, drug discovery, environmental analysis and monitoring, food analysis, forensic science, laboratory automation, materials science, metabolomics, pesticide-residue analysis, pharmaceutical analysis, proteomics, surface science, and water analysis and monitoring, these critical reviews provide comprehensive insights for practitioners in the field.