Porous HNS/CL-20 composite microspheres: Fabrication via electrostatic spraying with enhanced safety and combustion performance

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI:10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122185

Hou Conghua , Ma Yilin , Feng Chenhe , Li Jingyu , Wang Jingyu , Zhang Chenyang

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Abstract

Micro-nano structures are crucial in determining the macroscopic properties of energetic materials, particularly in composite energetic materials with porous architectures, which have attracted considerable attention in contemporary research owing to their exceptional combustion performance and superior thermal stability. In this study, HNS/CL-20 composite energetic microspheres featuring a porous structure were successfully synthesized using electrostatic spraying technology. The prepared microspheres had high sphericity with uniform particle size distribution and exhibited abundant and homogeneous pore structure, significantly increasing the specific surface area to 25.21–27.03 m²/g, representing an increase of 67.17%–79.24% and 195.54%–216.88% compared to nano-HNS and nano-CL-20, respectively. The structural analysis revealed that the composite microspheres retained the characteristic crystal structures of both nano-HNS and CL-20. Mechanical sensitivity testing demonstrated that, in comparison to nano-CL-20, the composite microspheres exhibited enhanced safety in terms of impact and friction sensitivity. Combustion experiment demonstrated that the combustion performance of the microspheres prepared via electrostatic spraying progressively improved, with the optimal deflagration duration and energy release observed at an HNS/CL-20 ratio of 7:3. In comparison to samples of the same proportion prepared via slurry kneading, the combustion rate increased by 30.03%, suggesting that the porous structure effectively accelerated the combustion reaction rate and enhanced the energy release capacity. XPS analysis of the combustion residues further indicates that the combustion is more complete when the HNS/CL-20 ratio is 7:3. In summary, the simple and efficient preparation of porous composite microspheres via electrostatic spraying can significantly improve their combustion performance and safety characteristics.

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多孔HNS/CL-20复合微球：静电喷涂制备，增强安全性和燃烧性能

微纳结构是决定含能材料宏观性能的关键，特别是具有多孔结构的复合含能材料，由于其优异的燃烧性能和优异的热稳定性，在当代研究中引起了相当大的关注。本研究采用静电喷涂技术成功合成了具有多孔结构的HNS/CL-20复合高能微球。制备的微球球形度高，粒径分布均匀，孔隙结构丰富均匀，比表面积达到25.21 ~ 27.03 m2/g，比纳米hns和纳米cl -20分别提高了67.17% ~ 79.24%和195.54% ~ 216.88%。结构分析表明，复合微球保留了纳米hns和CL-20的晶体结构特征。机械灵敏度测试表明，与纳米cl -20相比，复合微球在冲击和摩擦敏感性方面表现出更高的安全性。燃烧实验表明，静电喷涂法制备的微球燃烧性能逐步提高，在HNS/CL-20比为7:3时爆燃时间和能量释放最佳。与浆料揉制相同比例的样品相比，燃烧速率提高了30.03%，说明多孔结构有效加快了燃烧反应速度，增强了能量释放能力。燃烧残留物的XPS分析进一步表明，当HNS/CL-20比为7:3时，燃烧更加彻底。综上所述，简单高效的静电喷涂法制备多孔复合微球可以显著提高其燃烧性能和安全特性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Powder Technology 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.90

自引率

15.40%

发文量

1047

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Powder Technology is an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Wet and Dry Particulate Systems. Powder Technology publishes papers on all aspects of the formation of particles and their characterisation and on the study of systems containing particulate solids. No limitation is imposed on the size of the particles, which may range from nanometre scale, as in pigments or aerosols, to that of mined or quarried materials. The following list of topics is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to indicate typical subjects which fall within the scope of the journal's interests: Formation and synthesis of particles by precipitation and other methods. Modification of particles by agglomeration, coating, comminution and attrition. Characterisation of the size, shape, surface area, pore structure and strength of particles and agglomerates (including the origins and effects of inter particle forces). Packing, failure, flow and permeability of assemblies of particles. Particle-particle interactions and suspension rheology. Handling and processing operations such as slurry flow, fluidization, pneumatic conveying. Interactions between particles and their environment, including delivery of particulate products to the body. Applications of particle technology in production of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, foods, pigments, structural, and functional materials and in environmental and energy related matters. For materials-oriented contributions we are looking for articles revealing the effect of particle/powder characteristics (size, morphology and composition, in that order) on material performance or functionality and, ideally, comparison to any industrial standard.