Electronic Bandage With High-Resolution Interdigital Electrode Enhanced Pulsed Electric Field for Accelerated Wound Healing

Abstract

Skin injuries are common and frequently encountered health issues in daily life. Accelerating wound healing is therefore essential for alleviating discomfort and minimizing infection risks. Pulsed electric field (PEF) therapy shows promise for enhancing wound repair by modulating cellular responses and promoting growth factors activity, but conventional PEF systems are limited by their bulkiness, high cost, and poor adaptability to daily care. To address these limitations, we developed a self-powered electronic bandage based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). This bandage integrates high-resolution flexible interdigital electrodes and a moisture-adaptive layer. The design leverages the millisecond PEF generated by the TENG and the electric field amplification effect provided by the low-cost, high-precision interdigital electrode, thereby compensating for the inadequate electrical stimulation associated with traditional TENG devices in wearable medicine. Thus, this advancement facilitates the miniaturization of PEF devices for wound management. In vitro studies demonstrated its efficacy in enhancing cellular proliferation, while in vivo experiments using diabetic mouse models revealed accelerated wound closure, reduced inflammatory responses, and improved angiogenesis. By combining advanced device manufacturing with therapeutic electrostimulation, this electronic bandage offers a promising solution that combines biological compatibility, mechanical flexibility, and economic feasibility for daily wound care.