Co-creating solutions through citizen science: Children reduce cigarette butt contamination on Ayangue beach (Ecuador)

Abstract

Cigarette butt contamination represents a significant and poorly known threat to coastal ecosystems. This study presents the experience of a citizen science project co-created in the commune of Ayangue (Ecuador), whose objective was to reduce and prevent cigarette butt contamination on the beach, promoting the active participation of children as agents of change. Through a participatory methodological approach, educational workshops, beach monitoring, environmental projects, and artistic activities were conducted. Three dimensions of the project's impact were evaluated: socio-environmental, scientific, and educational, applying qualitative and quantitative indicators. Preliminary results showed a 53.2% reduction in the number of cigarette butts collected during monitoring activities. Environmental knowledge and community involvement also increased, as 85.7% of the children shared information related to the project. Over two years, the initiative empowered children as agents of environmental conservation and prevented 6821 cigarette butts from reaching the ocean. This study highlights the potential of citizen science by integrating local knowledge, children's participation, empowerment, leadership, and collective action.