Multi-variable empirical equation for critical temperature of cuprate superconductors

IF 4.6 2区物理与天体物理 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Physics Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI:10.1016/j.rinp.2026.108576

Zakiya Al-Ruqaishi, C.H Raymond Ooi

{"title":"Multi-variable empirical equation for critical temperature of cuprate superconductors","authors":"Zakiya Al-Ruqaishi, C.H Raymond Ooi","doi":"10.1016/j.rinp.2026.108576","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among the family of cuprate superconductors with critical temperatures (<math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math>) above 70 K, four systems stand out: Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide, Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide, Thallium Barium Calcium Copper Oxide and Mercury Barium Calcium Copper Oxide, with Hg1223 exhibiting the highest <math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math> around 135 K, surpassing the rest, which range between 70 K and 120 K. This work analyzes the structural, compositional and chemical factors crucial for determining the <math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math> of cuprate superconductors. We have devised a method to obtain a unified empirical equation for <math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math> based on systematic data analysis of seven physical variables identified from the correlation plots. Our investigation into the multivariable dependencies and their interrelations shed light on the underlying physical mechanism of high <math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math> superconductivity. Key parameters include electronic configuration, the positional significance of cations in the A-O layer of the periodic table (<math><mi>BiO</mi></math>, <math><mi>HgO</mi></math>, or <math><mi>TlO</mi></math> layers), electronegativity, crystal unit cell volume, and the architecture or the structural composition. Our analysis reveals that small unit cell volume, small value of the product of transverse distance between interacting layers <math><mi>ζ</mi></math> and small interaction-charge length <math><mi>ℓ</mi></math>, and high energy gap significantly influence the interaction between charges, contributing to the large <math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math> of Hg1223.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21042,"journal":{"name":"Results in Physics","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 108576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Results in Physics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211379726000021","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/1/22 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Among the family of cuprate superconductors with critical temperatures (

T_{c}

) above 70 K, four systems stand out: Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide, Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide, Thallium Barium Calcium Copper Oxide and Mercury Barium Calcium Copper Oxide, with Hg1223 exhibiting the highest

T_{c}

around 135 K, surpassing the rest, which range between 70 K and 120 K. This work analyzes the structural, compositional and chemical factors crucial for determining the

T_{c}

of cuprate superconductors. We have devised a method to obtain a unified empirical equation for

T_{c}

based on systematic data analysis of seven physical variables identified from the correlation plots. Our investigation into the multivariable dependencies and their interrelations shed light on the underlying physical mechanism of high

T_{c}

superconductivity. Key parameters include electronic configuration, the positional significance of cations in the A-O layer of the periodic table (

BiO

HgO

, or

TlO

layers), electronegativity, crystal unit cell volume, and the architecture or the structural composition. Our analysis reveals that small unit cell volume, small value of the product of transverse distance between interacting layers

ζ

and small interaction-charge length

ℓ

, and high energy gap significantly influence the interaction between charges, contributing to the large

T_{c}

of Hg1223.

查看原文本刊更多论文

铜超导体临界温度的多变量经验方程

在临界温度（Tc）高于70 K的铜超导体家族中，有四种体系脱颖而出：钇钡氧化铜、铋锶钙氧化铜、铊钡钙氧化铜和汞钡钙氧化铜，其中Hg1223在135 K左右表现出最高的Tc，超过了其他在70 - 120 K之间的超导体。本文分析了测定铜超导体Tc的结构、组成和化学因素。在对相关图中确定的7个物理变量进行系统数据分析的基础上，提出了一种统一Tc经验方程的方法。我们对多变量依赖关系及其相互关系的研究揭示了高Tc超导的潜在物理机制。关键参数包括电子构型、阳离子在元素周期表A-O层（BiO、HgO或TlO层）中的位置重要性、电负性、晶体单位胞体积以及结构或结构组成。分析表明，小的晶胞体积、小的相互作用层之间的横向距离ζ和小的相互作用电荷长度的乘积值以及高能量隙显著影响了电荷之间的相互作用，这是Hg1223的大Tc的原因。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Results in Physics MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARYPHYSIC-PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

9.40%

发文量

754

审稿时长

50 days

期刊介绍： Results in Physics is an open access journal offering authors the opportunity to publish in all fundamental and interdisciplinary areas of physics, materials science, and applied physics. Papers of a theoretical, computational, and experimental nature are all welcome. Results in Physics accepts papers that are scientifically sound, technically correct and provide valuable new knowledge to the physics community. Topics such as three-dimensional flow and magnetohydrodynamics are not within the scope of Results in Physics. Results in Physics welcomes three types of papers: 1. Full research papers 2. Microarticles: very short papers, no longer than two pages. They may consist of a single, but well-described piece of information, such as: - Data and/or a plot plus a description - Description of a new method or instrumentation - Negative results - Concept or design study 3. Letters to the Editor: Letters discussing a recent article published in Results in Physics are welcome. These are objective, constructive, or educational critiques of papers published in Results in Physics. Accepted letters will be sent to the author of the original paper for a response. Each letter and response is published together. Letters should be received within 8 weeks of the article''s publication. They should not exceed 750 words of text and 10 references.