Sex Differences and Age Distributions in Invasive Treatments for Chalazion and Hordeolum in Japan: A 9-Year Nationwide Claims Study

IF 4.6 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmology science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI:10.1016/j.xops.2026.101067

Masamitsu Kido MD, PhD , Sayaka Kamada MD , Tomo Suzuki MD, PhD , Koji Kitazawa MD, PhD , Yasufumi Tomioka MD, PhD , Kengo Yoshii PhD , Katsutoshi Shoda MD, PhD , Chie Sotozono MD, PhD

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Abstract

Purpose

To analyze nationwide trends and demographic patterns of invasive treatments for chalazion (ITC) and invasive treatments for hordeolum (ITH) in Japan.

Design

A retrospective population-based cohort study.

Participants

Patients undergoing ITC or ITH procedures from 2014 to 2022.

Methods

Using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups Open Data Japan, we calculated annual numbers and rates of ITC and ITH per 100 000 person-years. Sex-stratified and age-stratified demographic peak patterns were analyzed, and annual trends were evaluated using linear and Poisson regression models.

Main Outcome Measures

Procedure rates, demographic distributions, and annual trends of ITC and ITH.

Results

A total of 1 104 078 procedures (ITC: 465 379; ITH: 638 699) were recorded over the 9-year study period. The annual average rates were 40.9 for ITC and 56.2 for ITH per 100 000 person-years. Sex differences were prominent in younger groups: the overall female-to-male ratio was 1.1:1 for ITC and 1.0:1 for ITH, with a greater female predominance in youth (ITC: 2.0 at age 15–19 years; ITH: 1.7 at age 20–24 years). Invasive treatments for chalazion showed bimodal peaks in males (age 15–19 years: 40.9 procedures per 100 000 person-years; age 35–39 years: 56.0) and females (age 15–19 years: 80.6; age 30-34 years: 68.0). Invasive treatments for hordeolum showed bimodal peaks in males (age 10–14 years: 82.9; age 35-39 years: 72.1) and females (age 10–14 years: 102.4; age 30–34 years: 78.3). Both age-adjusted rates declined annually across all age groups and both sexes (P < 0.0167), except for an increase in 0–4-year-old ITC cases (P < 0.00088).

Conclusions

This study reveals sex-related and age-related demographic patterns and an overall decline in invasive eyelid procedures over the past decade and provides valuable insights into the epidemiology of common eyelid diseases and surgical trends in Japan.

Financial Disclosure(s)

The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

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在日本，有创治疗糖尿病和痔疮的性别差异和年龄分布：一项为期9年的全国索赔研究。

目的：分析日本有创治疗骨肿（ITC）和有创治疗骨肿（ITH）的全国趋势和人口结构。设计：一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究。参与者：2014年至2022年接受ITC或ITH手术的患者。方法：利用日本国家健康保险理赔数据库和特定健康检查开放数据，计算每年每10万人年的ITC和ITH的数量和比率。分析了性别分层和年龄分层的人口峰值模式，并使用线性和泊松回归模型评估了年度趋势。主要结果测量：手术率、人口分布、ITC和ITH的年度趋势。结果：在9年的研究期间，共记录了1 104 078例手术（ITC: 465 379例；ITH: 638 699例）。ITC的年平均感染率为40.9，ITH的年平均感染率为56.2。性别差异在年轻群体中突出：ITC的总体男女比例为1.1:1，ITH为1.0:1，女性在青年群体中占更大优势（15-19岁的ITC: 2.0, 20-24岁的ITH: 1.7）。有创治疗在男性（15-19岁：每10万人年40.9例；35-39岁：56.0例）和女性（15-19岁：80.6例；30-34岁：68.0例）中呈现双峰性高峰。男性（10-14岁：82.9；35-39岁：72.1）和女性（10-14岁：102.4；30-34岁：78.3）的有创治疗呈双峰性高峰。除0-4岁ITC病例增加（P < 0.00088）外，所有年龄组和两性的年龄调整率均逐年下降（P < 0.0167）。结论：本研究揭示了过去十年中与性别和年龄相关的人口统计模式以及侵入性眼睑手术的总体下降，并为日本常见眼睑疾病的流行病学和手术趋势提供了有价值的见解。财务披露：作者在本文中讨论的任何材料中没有专有或商业利益。

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