Securing blood in crisis: Lessons from Japan's earthquake disasters and evolving preparedness.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Japan's geographical and climatic vulnerability to natural disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis and typhoons, presents significant challenges to maintaining a stable blood supply during emergencies. This review synthesizes lessons learned from three major earthquakes-the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji, the 2011 Great East Japan and the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes-to inform disaster preparedness and blood service resilience.

Materials and methods: Key measures implemented by the Japanese Red Cross Blood Services (JRCBS) were examined, with a focus on systemic challenges, disaster response protocols and technological innovations that enhanced service continuity during and after large-scale disasters.

Results: The implementation of the Wide-Area Management System (WAMS) in 2012 enabled centralized testing, processing and real-time national inventory management, facilitating efficient redistribution of blood products during crises. Communication disruptions due to reliance on traditional telephone and fax lines remain a challenge. A recently introduced web-based ordering system has improved operational reliability. Transport logistics are also vulnerable; contingency strategies involving maritime routes, helicopters and drones are being explored. A potential large-scale earthquake beneath the Tokyo Metropolitan Area underscores the urgency of enhancing coordination with hospitals and developing multi-modal transport plans. JRCBS operational continuity guidelines provide structured protocols to ensure rapid recovery if key facilities are incapacitated.

Conclusion: Japan's experience highlights the importance of integrated management systems, robust communication infrastructure and diversified transport options in maintaining blood supply during disasters. These strategies offer a model for enhancing blood service resilience in disaster-prone regions globally.