Fertility preservation and family-building in transgender and non-binary patients: 14 years at a UK centre

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q1 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY

Reproductive biomedicine online Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI:10.1016/j.rbmo.2025.105361

Ellen Davenport-Pleasance, Mimi Arian-Schad, Rukma Bhattacharya, Mona Rahmati, Elena Linara-Demakakou, Nick Macklon, Kaj Rydman, Jemma Garratt, Kamal K Ahuja

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Research question

How is assisted reproductive technology used by trans and/or non-binary (TNB) individuals and their partners at London Women's Clinic?

Design

This retrospective observational study examined treatments undertaken by TNB people at London Women's Clinic between 2011 and 2025. Demographic information on patients' age, body mass index, anti-Mullerian hormone, antral follicle count and history of gender-affirming hormone therapy/surgery was analysed. Outcomes included the types of treatment pursued, ongoing pregnancies, and live births.

Results

Sixty-four individuals who identified as TNB (n = 42) or had a TNB partner (n = 22) attended the clinic. Treatments included egg freezing (22 cycles), intrauterine insemination (IUI; 17 cycles) and IVF (25 cycles). A minority of IVF cycles involved intra-partner donation (reciprocal IVF; 2/25) or donor eggs (2/25). Three couples' journeys involved surrogacy arrangements. Most TNB individuals attended the clinic with a partner (n = 30), with the exception of those undertaking egg freezing. Of the individuals/couples attempting pregnancy (n =24), most (n =20) were using donor spermatozoa, with the exception of four couples (two involving transgender women who had frozen spermatozoa, and two involving cisgender men). Thirteen live births were achieved and four individuals were discharged from the clinic with ongoing pregnancies.

Conclusions

TNB individuals in the UK are successfully using the spectrum of assisted reproduction options, often with donor gametes and occasionally surrogacy, to build families. In this study, IVF out-performed IUI, underscoring that with inclusive, legally informed care pathways, family formation for TNB patients is both feasible and effective.

查看原文本刊更多论文

跨性别和非二元患者的生育能力保存和家庭建设：在英国中心的14年。

研究问题：在伦敦妇女诊所，跨性别和/或非二元性（TNB）个体及其伴侣如何使用辅助生殖技术？设计：这项回顾性观察性研究调查了2011年至2025年间伦敦妇女诊所TNB患者接受的治疗。分析患者年龄、体重指数、抗苗勒管激素、窦卵泡计数和性别确认激素治疗/手术史等人口统计学信息。结果包括所追求的治疗类型、持续妊娠和活产。结果：64名确诊为TNB （n = 42）或有TNB伴侣（n = 22）的人参加了诊所。治疗包括卵子冷冻（22个周期）、宫内人工授精（IUI； 17个周期）和体外受精（IVF）（25个周期）。少数试管婴儿周期涉及伴侣内捐赠（互惠试管婴儿；2/25）或捐赠卵子（2/25）。三对夫妇的旅行涉及代孕安排。大多数TNB患者与伴侣一起就诊（n = 30），进行卵子冷冻的患者除外。在试图怀孕的个人/夫妇中（n =24），大多数（n =20）使用捐赠精子，除了四对夫妇（两对涉及冷冻精子的变性女性，两对涉及顺性男性）。实现了13例活产，有4人因怀孕而出院。结论：在英国，TNB个体成功地使用了一系列的辅助生殖选择，通常是通过供体配子和偶尔的代孕来建立家庭。在本研究中，IVF优于IUI，强调通过包容、合法的护理途径，TNB患者的家庭组建是可行和有效的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Reproductive biomedicine online 医学-妇产科学

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

7.50%

发文量

391

审稿时长

50 days

期刊介绍： Reproductive BioMedicine Online covers the formation, growth and differentiation of the human embryo. It is intended to bring to public attention new research on biological and clinical research on human reproduction and the human embryo including relevant studies on animals. It is published by a group of scientists and clinicians working in these fields of study. Its audience comprises researchers, clinicians, practitioners, academics and patients. Context: The period of human embryonic growth covered is between the formation of the primordial germ cells in the fetus until mid-pregnancy. High quality research on lower animals is included if it helps to clarify the human situation. Studies progressing to birth and later are published if they have a direct bearing on events in the earlier stages of pregnancy.