Dual evaporating temperature steam generation heat pump system for waste heat recovery of air–liquid hybrid cooling data center

IF 11.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121199

Ce Zhang , Minxia Li , Xun Chen , Chaobin Dang , Xiuming Li , Zongwei Han

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Abstract

As information technologies such as ChatGPT, cloud computing, and 5G continue to evolve, data centers are consuming an escalating amount of energy. Data centers require year-round, uninterrupted cooling. However, traditional cooling technology faces the following challenges. On the one hand, the cooling capacity of air cooling technology is poor, and the initial investment of liquid cooling technology is high. On the other hand, waste heat from data center cooling system is directly discharged into the environment, the energy utilization efficiency is low. To solve the above problems, a novel thermal management scheme for data centers is proposed in this study. Regarding the data center cooling, the novel scheme is constructed based on an air–liquid hybrid cooling architecture to balance energy efficiency performance with technical feasibility. Regarding the air–liquid hybrid cooling architecture waste heat recovery, steam is generated through the dual evaporating temperature heat pump system, which enables synergistic recovery of waste heat from both the air and liquid cooling modules. The theoretical analysis and experimental research are conducted to compare the novel scheme with traditional scheme. The results show that in three typical cities, the operating cost, carbon emission, and life cycle cost of the novel scheme can be reduced by more than 15%.

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气液混合冷却数据中心余热回收的双蒸发温度蒸汽发生热泵系统

随着ChatGPT、云计算和5G等信息技术的不断发展，数据中心正在消耗越来越多的能源。数据中心需要全年不间断的冷却。然而，传统的冷却技术面临着以下挑战。一方面，风冷技术的冷却能力较差，而液冷技术的初期投资较高。另一方面，数据中心冷却系统产生的余热直接排放到环境中，能源利用效率低。为解决上述问题，本研究提出一种新的数据中心热管理方案。在数据中心冷却方面，基于气液混合冷却架构构建了新的方案，以平衡能效性能和技术可行性。对于气液混合冷却架构余热回收，蒸汽通过双蒸发温度热泵系统产生，使空气和液体冷却模块的余热协同回收。对新方案与传统方案进行了理论分析和实验研究。结果表明，在三个典型城市，新方案的运行成本、碳排放和生命周期成本可降低15%以上。

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来源期刊

Energy Conversion and Management 工程技术-力学

CiteScore

19.00

自引率

11.50%

发文量

1304

审稿时长

17 days

期刊介绍： The journal Energy Conversion and Management provides a forum for publishing original contributions and comprehensive technical review articles of interdisciplinary and original research on all important energy topics. The topics considered include energy generation, utilization, conversion, storage, transmission, conservation, management and sustainability. These topics typically involve various types of energy such as mechanical, thermal, nuclear, chemical, electromagnetic, magnetic and electric. These energy types cover all known energy resources, including renewable resources (e.g., solar, bio, hydro, wind, geothermal and ocean energy), fossil fuels and nuclear resources.