In vivo biocompatibility of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) hydrogels in Wistar rats: Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological assessments

IF 3.1 4区生物学 Q1 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Tissue & cell Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI:10.1016/j.tice.2026.103377

Rocío Bonino , Andrés Sommaro , Virginia Capella , Matías Caverzan , Bianca Opizzo , Lázaro Zabaldano , Nancy Rodriguez , Pablo Bosch , Claudia Rivarola , Ana Cecilia Liaudat

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In vitro regeneration of different tissues requires the synthesis of a scaffold material and the compatibility with the desired cell type to achieve a functional unit for transplantation. Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) and cationic copolymers hydrogels are effective scaffolds, supporting cell in vitro adhesion and development without cytotoxicity. This study aimed to analyze the in vivo biocompatibility of PNIPAM and PNIPAM co-3 % APTA (3-((acrylamidopropyl) trimethyl-ammonium chloride, APTA)) 3D architecture implanted in female and male Wistar rats. Hydrogel half-discs were implanted in subcutaneous pockets of 3 rats per treatment group (control (without hydrogel), PNIPAM, and PNIPAM co-3 % APTA) for 30 days. The healing process was monitored and after 30 days, the rats were sacrificed following an approved animal care protocol. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses and hydrogels, kidneys, liver, and spleen samples for histopathological evaluation. The results showed no alterations in the healing process in all the animals evaluated. Hematological parameters, liver enzyme activities, nitrogenous waste products and histopathological studies showed no changes across all experimental groups. PNIPAM and PNIPAM co-3 % APTA hydrogels are biocompatible in a female and male murine model over a 30-day period, maintaining stable hematological, biochemical, and histological parameters without alterations.

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聚n -异丙基丙烯酰胺（PNIPAM）水凝胶在Wistar大鼠体内的生物相容性：血液学、生化和组织病理学评估。

不同组织的体外再生需要合成支架材料和与所需细胞类型的相容性，以实现移植的功能单元。聚n -异丙基丙烯酰胺（PNIPAM）和阳离子共聚物水凝胶是支持细胞体外粘附和发育的有效支架，没有细胞毒性。本研究旨在分析PNIPAM和PNIPAM co-3 % APTA(3-（丙烯酰胺丙基）三甲基氯化铵，APTA)) 3D结构在雌性和雄性Wistar大鼠体内的生物相容性。每个治疗组（对照组（不含水凝胶）、PNIPAM和PNIPAM co-3 % APTA） 3只大鼠皮下植入水凝胶半盘30 d。监测愈合过程，30天后，按照批准的动物护理方案，将大鼠处死。采集血样进行血液学和生化分析，并采集水凝胶、肾脏、肝脏和脾脏样本进行组织病理学评估。结果显示，在所有被评估的动物中，愈合过程没有改变。血液学参数、肝酶活性、含氮废物和组织病理学研究显示，所有实验组均无变化。PNIPAM和PNIPAM co-3 % APTA水凝胶在雌性和雄性小鼠模型中具有30天的生物相容性，保持稳定的血液学、生化和组织学参数而没有改变。

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来源期刊

Tissue & cell 医学-解剖学与形态学

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

234

期刊介绍： Tissue and Cell is devoted to original research on the organization of cells, subcellular and extracellular components at all levels, including the grouping and interrelations of cells in tissues and organs. The journal encourages submission of ultrastructural studies that provide novel insights into structure, function and physiology of cells and tissues, in health and disease. Bioengineering and stem cells studies focused on the description of morphological and/or histological data are also welcomed. Studies investigating the effect of compounds and/or substances on structure of cells and tissues are generally outside the scope of this journal. For consideration, studies should contain a clear rationale on the use of (a) given substance(s), have a compelling morphological and structural focus and present novel incremental findings from previous literature.