Short-term axial eye length changes after imposed defocus in emmetropes, myopes and hyperopes

IF 2.2 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI:10.1016/j.visres.2026.108779

Lea Ingrassia , Frank Schaeffel

{"title":"Short-term axial eye length changes after imposed defocus in emmetropes, myopes and hyperopes","authors":"Lea Ingrassia , Frank Schaeffel","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2026.108779","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Short-term axial eye length changes in response to imposed positive and negative defocus were compared in hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic young adults to learn about possible differences in emmetropization. Thirty-seven subjects (average age: 28 ± 4 years) participated: emmetropes (n = 15), myopes (n = 15), and hyperopes (n = 7). They viewed a 30-minute movie on a large TV screen (65″) at 2-meter distance (equivalent to −0.5D) with optical corrections, while a + 3.5 D (myopic defocus) or −3.5 D (hyperopic defocus) lens was added in the right eye. A subset of myopes (n = 14) was also tested with −2 D lenses. Axial length was measured in both eyes before and after viewing using the Haag-Streit Lenstar LS 900. With + 3.5 D myopic defocus, emmetropes (−9.7 ± 13.1 µm) and hyperopes (−8.9 ± 5.6 µm) exhibited significant axial shortening, while myopes (−1.1 ± 10.2 µm) did not. Hyperopes and myopes differed significantly, but emmetropes and hyperopes did not. With −3.5 D hyperopic defocus, both emmetropic (+5.0 ± 7.5 µm) and hyperopic eyes (+6.6 ± 6.9 µm) elongated, indicating that their retina distinguished positive from negative defocus. Myopic eyes displayed paradoxical axial eye shortening (−7.1 ± 8.6 µm). Hyperopes and myopes differed significantly, but emmetropes and hyperopes did not. Reducing the lens power to −2 D abolished the shortening in myopes. Group data indicate bidirectional, sign-of-defocus-dependent axial length changes occur in both emmetropic and hyperopic eyes, indicating similar retinal function. Myopes showed reduced or even reversed responses, showing a functional deficiency in the myopic retina.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Vision Research","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698926000283","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/2/4 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Short-term axial eye length changes in response to imposed positive and negative defocus were compared in hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic young adults to learn about possible differences in emmetropization. Thirty-seven subjects (average age: 28 ± 4 years) participated: emmetropes (n = 15), myopes (n = 15), and hyperopes (n = 7). They viewed a 30-minute movie on a large TV screen (65″) at 2-meter distance (equivalent to −0.5D) with optical corrections, while a + 3.5 D (myopic defocus) or −3.5 D (hyperopic defocus) lens was added in the right eye. A subset of myopes (n = 14) was also tested with −2 D lenses. Axial length was measured in both eyes before and after viewing using the Haag-Streit Lenstar LS 900. With + 3.5 D myopic defocus, emmetropes (−9.7 ± 13.1 µm) and hyperopes (−8.9 ± 5.6 µm) exhibited significant axial shortening, while myopes (−1.1 ± 10.2 µm) did not. Hyperopes and myopes differed significantly, but emmetropes and hyperopes did not. With −3.5 D hyperopic defocus, both emmetropic (+5.0 ± 7.5 µm) and hyperopic eyes (+6.6 ± 6.9 µm) elongated, indicating that their retina distinguished positive from negative defocus. Myopic eyes displayed paradoxical axial eye shortening (−7.1 ± 8.6 µm). Hyperopes and myopes differed significantly, but emmetropes and hyperopes did not. Reducing the lens power to −2 D abolished the shortening in myopes. Group data indicate bidirectional, sign-of-defocus-dependent axial length changes occur in both emmetropic and hyperopic eyes, indicating similar retinal function. Myopes showed reduced or even reversed responses, showing a functional deficiency in the myopic retina.

查看原文本刊更多论文

近视眼、近视眼和远视眼离焦后眼轴长度的短期变化。

我们比较了远视、远视和近视青年对正、负离焦的短期眼轴长度变化，以了解远视可能存在的差异。37例受试者（平均年龄：28±4岁）：近视眼（n = 15）、近视眼（n = 15）、远视眼（n = 7）。他们在2米（相当于-0.5D）距离的大电视屏幕（65″）上观看了30分钟的电影，并进行了光学校正，同时在右眼上添加了+ 3.5 D（近视离焦）或-3.5 D（远视离焦）透镜。近视的一个子集（n = 14）也测试了-2 D镜片。使用Haag-Streit Lenstar LS 900在观看前后测量双眼轴向长度。+ 3.5 D近视眼离焦时，远视眼（-9.7±13.1µm）和远视眼（-8.9±5.6µm）轴向缩短明显，而近视眼（-1.1±10.2µm）轴向缩短不明显。远视眼和近视眼差异显著，而近视眼和远视眼差异不显著。在-3.5 D远视离焦时，正远视（+5.0±7.5µm）和远视（+6.6±6.9µm）的眼睛都拉长了，这表明他们的视网膜区分了正和负离焦。近视眼表现反常的眼轴缩短（-7.1±8.6µm）。远视眼和近视眼差异显著，而近视眼和远视眼差异不显著。将镜片的度数降低到-2维，消除了近视。组数据显示，准远视和远视的眼轴长度变化都是双向的，离焦信号依赖，表明视网膜功能相似。近视眼的反应减弱甚至相反，显示近视视网膜的功能缺陷。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Vision Research 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

16.70%

发文量

111

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Vision Research is a journal devoted to the functional aspects of human, vertebrate and invertebrate vision and publishes experimental and observational studies, reviews, and theoretical and computational analyses. Vision Research also publishes clinical studies relevant to normal visual function and basic research relevant to visual dysfunction or its clinical investigation. Functional aspects of vision is interpreted broadly, ranging from molecular and cellular function to perception and behavior. Detailed descriptions are encouraged but enough introductory background should be included for non-specialists. Theoretical and computational papers should give a sense of order to the facts or point to new verifiable observations. Papers dealing with questions in the history of vision science should stress the development of ideas in the field.