Effect of non-uniform carbon distribution in electrode on carbon segregation during electroslag remelting of W9Cr4V2Mo steel

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110730

Huan Cao, Zhongqiu Liu, Wenbin Yang, Yinbo Geng, Xuechi Huang, Baokuan Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A two-dimensional multi-physics coupled model was developed to investigate carbon segregation during the electroslag remelting (ESR) of W9Cr4V2Mo steel. Three models with different initial carbon distributions were established to investigate their effect on final segregation after ESR: uniform distribution, edge-rich distribution, and center-rich distribution. The results show that the initial carbon distribution directly governs final carbon segregation by altering fluid flow within the mushy zone. Specifically, a center-rich carbon distribution enhances fluid flow in the mushy zone during early solidification, promoting greater solute transport into the molten pool. This leads to increased negative segregation at the ingot bottom. As solidification progresses, the accumulated solute further intensifies positive segregation in the center, resulting in the most severe overall carbon segregation. Quantitative analysis shows that an electrode with center-rich carbon distribution yields a carbon segregation index of approximately −0.086 at the center and −0.350 at the ingot edge during early solidification, representing increases of about 66 % and 9 %, respectively, compared to the electrode with edge-rich distribution. These findings emphasize the critical role of the initial carbon distribution in controlling carbon segregation during the ESR process, providing valuable insights for optimizing the process and improving the quality of W9Cr4V2Mo steel.

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电极碳分布不均匀对W9Cr4V2Mo钢电渣重熔碳偏析的影响

采用二维多物理场耦合模型研究了W9Cr4V2Mo钢电渣重熔过程中的碳偏析现象。建立了三种不同初始碳分布模式：均匀分布、富边分布和富中心分布对ESR后最终偏析的影响。结果表明，初始碳分布通过改变糊化区内的流体流动，直接控制最终的碳偏析。具体来说，在凝固早期，中心富碳的分布增强了糊状区的流体流动，促进了溶质向熔池的运移。这导致锭底负偏析增加。随着凝固的进行，累积的溶质进一步加剧了中心的正偏析，导致最严重的整体碳偏析。定量分析表明，与富边分布电极相比，富边分布电极在凝固初期的中心和边缘碳偏析指数分别约为- 0.086和- 0.350，分别提高了约66%和9%。这些研究结果强调了初始碳分布在ESR过程中控制碳偏析的关键作用，为优化工艺和提高W9Cr4V2Mo钢的质量提供了有价值的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Thermal Sciences 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

531

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Thermal Sciences is a journal devoted to the publication of fundamental studies on the physics of transfer processes in general, with an emphasis on thermal aspects and also applied research on various processes, energy systems and the environment. Articles are published in English and French, and are subject to peer review. The fundamental subjects considered within the scope of the journal are: * Heat and relevant mass transfer at all scales (nano, micro and macro) and in all types of material (heterogeneous, composites, biological,...) and fluid flow * Forced, natural or mixed convection in reactive or non-reactive media * Single or multi–phase fluid flow with or without phase change * Near–and far–field radiative heat transfer * Combined modes of heat transfer in complex systems (for example, plasmas, biological, geological,...) * Multiscale modelling The applied research topics include: * Heat exchangers, heat pipes, cooling processes * Transport phenomena taking place in industrial processes (chemical, food and agricultural, metallurgical, space and aeronautical, automobile industries) * Nano–and micro–technology for energy, space, biosystems and devices * Heat transport analysis in advanced systems * Impact of energy–related processes on environment, and emerging energy systems The study of thermophysical properties of materials and fluids, thermal measurement techniques, inverse methods, and the developments of experimental methods are within the scope of the International Journal of Thermal Sciences which also covers the modelling, and numerical methods applied to thermal transfer.