Assessment of genetic diversity and pathogenicity of porcine rotavirus A, and immunogenicity of a bivalent inactivated vaccine in southern China

IF 2.8 2区农林科学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY

Veterinary microbiology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110893

Guangli Hu , Zhiqing Zhao , Liguo Gao , Rui Geng , Shengjin Liu , Hao Zhang , Yongchang Cao , Hanqin Shen , Chunyi Xue

{"title":"Assessment of genetic diversity and pathogenicity of porcine rotavirus A, and immunogenicity of a bivalent inactivated vaccine in southern China","authors":"Guangli Hu , Zhiqing Zhao , Liguo Gao , Rui Geng , Shengjin Liu , Hao Zhang , Yongchang Cao , Hanqin Shen , Chunyi Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110893","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine group A rotavirus (PoRVA) is a widespread enteric pathogen that causes severe diarrheal outbreaks in swine herds, leading to considerable economic losses in China’s pig farming industry. From 2022–2024, a systematic surveillance was conducted across southern China, during which 5425 diarrheic samples were collected to assess the epidemiology of PoRVA. The results showed that PoRVA infections peaked in winter and spring, with monthly positivity rates ranging from 36 % to 68 % in southern regions. Genotyping of 103 VP4/VP7 sequences revealed the predominant VP7 genotypes G5 (43.69 %), G4 (23.39 %), and G9 (15.53 %), as well as the major VP4 genotypes P[13] (68.93 %), P[6] (10.68 %), and P[23] (9.71 %). Two PoRVA strains were successfully isolated from positive intestinal samples collected in Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces, designated RVA/Pig/China/JS/2024/G9P[23] (JS2024) and RVA/Pig/China/GD/2024/G5P[13] (GD2024), respectively. Experimental infection demonstrated that both isolates caused severe watery diarrhea in 3-day-old colostrum-deprived piglets, resulting in mortality rates of 40 % (2/5) for JS2024 and 20 % (1/5) for GD2024. A bivalent inactivated vaccine prepared with the two isolates (10^8 TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL per antigen, administered twice at a 14-day interval) elicited robust neutralizing antibody responses against both G5 and G9 genotypes. Furthermore, maternal immunization with the bivalent vaccine in pregnant sows resulted in efficient transfer of maternal antibodies to neonatal piglets. Piglets born to vaccinated sows exhibited significantly higher pre-challenge neutralizing antibody titers, developed only mild clinical diarrhea following JS2024 or GD2024 challenge, displayed substantially reduced fecal viral shedding, and showed 100 % survival, in contrast to unvaccinated litters, which experienced severe diarrhea, high viral loads, and mortality. Collectively, these findings suggest that both isolates are promising vaccine candidates and provide essential data for future PoRVA prevention and control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary microbiology","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113526000246","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/1/22 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Porcine group A rotavirus (PoRVA) is a widespread enteric pathogen that causes severe diarrheal outbreaks in swine herds, leading to considerable economic losses in China’s pig farming industry. From 2022–2024, a systematic surveillance was conducted across southern China, during which 5425 diarrheic samples were collected to assess the epidemiology of PoRVA. The results showed that PoRVA infections peaked in winter and spring, with monthly positivity rates ranging from 36 % to 68 % in southern regions. Genotyping of 103 VP4/VP7 sequences revealed the predominant VP7 genotypes G5 (43.69 %), G4 (23.39 %), and G9 (15.53 %), as well as the major VP4 genotypes P[13] (68.93 %), P[6] (10.68 %), and P[23] (9.71 %). Two PoRVA strains were successfully isolated from positive intestinal samples collected in Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces, designated RVA/Pig/China/JS/2024/G9P[23] (JS2024) and RVA/Pig/China/GD/2024/G5P[13] (GD2024), respectively. Experimental infection demonstrated that both isolates caused severe watery diarrhea in 3-day-old colostrum-deprived piglets, resulting in mortality rates of 40 % (2/5) for JS2024 and 20 % (1/5) for GD2024. A bivalent inactivated vaccine prepared with the two isolates (10^8 TCID₅₀/mL per antigen, administered twice at a 14-day interval) elicited robust neutralizing antibody responses against both G5 and G9 genotypes. Furthermore, maternal immunization with the bivalent vaccine in pregnant sows resulted in efficient transfer of maternal antibodies to neonatal piglets. Piglets born to vaccinated sows exhibited significantly higher pre-challenge neutralizing antibody titers, developed only mild clinical diarrhea following JS2024 or GD2024 challenge, displayed substantially reduced fecal viral shedding, and showed 100 % survival, in contrast to unvaccinated litters, which experienced severe diarrhea, high viral loads, and mortality. Collectively, these findings suggest that both isolates are promising vaccine candidates and provide essential data for future PoRVA prevention and control strategies.

查看原文本刊更多论文

华南地区猪A型轮状病毒遗传多样性、致病性及二价灭活疫苗的免疫原性评估

猪A群轮状病毒（PoRVA）是一种广泛存在的肠道病原体，可在猪群中引起严重的腹泻疫情，给中国养猪业造成相当大的经济损失。从2022年到2024年，在中国南方进行了系统监测，在此期间收集了5425份腹泻样本，以评估PoRVA的流行病学。结果表明，冬季和春季是PoRVA感染的高峰期，南部地区月阳性率为36% % ~ 68% %；103条VP4/VP7序列的基因分型显示，VP7的优势基因型为G5（43.69 %）、G4（23.39 %）和G9(15.53 %)，VP4的主要基因型为P[13]（68.93 %）、P[6]（10.68 %）和P[23]（9.71 %）。从广东和江苏两省采集的肠道标本中成功分离到2株PoRVA菌株，分别命名为RVA/Pig/China/JS/2024/G9P[23] （JS2024）和RVA/Pig/China/GD/2024/G5P[13] （GD2024）。实验感染表明，这两种分离株均可引起3日龄初乳剥夺仔猪严重水样腹泻，导致JS2024和GD2024的死亡率分别为40 %（2/5）和20 %（1/5）。用这两种分离株制备的二价灭活疫苗（每个抗原10^8 TCID50/mL，间隔14天两次给药）可引起针对G5和G9基因型的强效中和抗体应答。此外，孕妇用二价疫苗免疫母猪可有效地将母体抗体转移到新生仔猪。与未接种疫苗的仔猪相比，接种疫苗的母猪出生的仔猪具有明显更高的攻击前中和抗体滴度，在JS2024或GD2024攻击后仅出现轻度临床腹泻，粪便病毒脱落明显减少，存活率为100% %，而未接种疫苗的仔猪则出现严重腹泻，病毒载量高，死亡率高。总的来说，这些发现表明这两种分离株都是有希望的候选疫苗，并为未来的PoRVA预防和控制策略提供了重要的数据。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Veterinary microbiology 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

6.10%

发文量

221

审稿时长

52 days

期刊介绍： Veterinary Microbiology is concerned with microbial (bacterial, fungal, viral) diseases of domesticated vertebrate animals (livestock, companion animals, fur-bearing animals, game, poultry, fish) that supply food, other useful products or companionship. In addition, Microbial diseases of wild animals living in captivity, or as members of the feral fauna will also be considered if the infections are of interest because of their interrelation with humans (zoonoses) and/or domestic animals. Studies of antimicrobial resistance are also included, provided that the results represent a substantial advance in knowledge. Authors are strongly encouraged to read - prior to submission - the Editorials (''Scope or cope'' and ''Scope or cope II'') published previously in the journal. The Editors reserve the right to suggest submission to another journal for those papers which they feel would be more appropriate for consideration by that journal. Original research papers of high quality and novelty on aspects of control, host response, molecular biology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of microbial diseases of animals are published. Papers dealing primarily with immunology, epidemiology, molecular biology and antiviral or microbial agents will only be considered if they demonstrate a clear impact on a disease. Papers focusing solely on diagnostic techniques (such as another PCR protocol or ELISA) will not be published - focus should be on a microorganism and not on a particular technique. Papers only reporting microbial sequences, transcriptomics data, or proteomics data will not be considered unless the results represent a substantial advance in knowledge. Drug trial papers will be considered if they have general application or significance. Papers on the identification of microorganisms will also be considered, but detailed taxonomic studies do not fall within the scope of the journal. Case reports will not be published, unless they have general application or contain novel aspects. Papers of geographically limited interest, which repeat what had been established elsewhere will not be considered. The readership of the journal is global.