Immunological mechanisms and immunotherapeutic strategies for the maternal-fetal interface diseases during pregnancy

IF 5.6 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

International immunopharmacology Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2026.116260

Shuo Zheng , Yulin Zhang , Yi Xing , Zhen Zhang , Yaqing Zhang , Liang Peng , Suya Chen , Yanli Zhang , Longquan Shao

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Abstract

The immune environment at the maternal-fetal interface is reliant on the precise regulation of various immune cells and their secreted cytokines, resulting in a coordinated balance of immune nutrition, immune defense, and immune tolerance to meet the needs of different stages of pregnancy. Disruption in the immunological microenvironment can lead to several pregnancy problems. In recent years, immunotherapy medications have made substantial advances in the treatment of maternal-fetal interface diseases during pregnancy. This paper provides a cellular and molecular review of the immunological mechanisms behind various common maternal-fetal interface diseases (preterm birth, recurring spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction). It offers a novel analysis of the mechanisms of action, application strategies, current research status, and future challenges for distinct immunotherapeutic agents from three separate perspectives: targeting different phases of inflammatory pathways, targeting particular immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface, and targeting specific autoantibodies associated with autoimmunity. The aim is to provide new insights for medication discovery, as well as precision diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-related illnesses. These advancements will provide vital evidence for precision treatment of maternal-fetal interface diseases throughout pregnancy.

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妊娠期母胎界面疾病的免疫机制及免疫治疗策略

母胎界面的免疫环境依赖于各种免疫细胞及其分泌的细胞因子的精确调控，从而实现免疫营养、免疫防御和免疫耐受的协调平衡，以满足妊娠不同阶段的需要。免疫微环境的破坏会导致一些怀孕问题。近年来，免疫治疗药物在治疗妊娠期母胎界面疾病方面取得了实质性进展。本文从细胞和分子角度综述了各种常见母胎界面疾病（早产、反复自然流产、先兆子痫和胎儿生长受限）背后的免疫机制。它从三个不同的角度对不同的免疫治疗药物的作用机制、应用策略、目前的研究现状和未来的挑战进行了新的分析：针对炎症途径的不同阶段，针对母胎界面的特定免疫细胞，以及针对与自身免疫相关的特异性自身抗体。目的是为药物发现以及妊娠相关疾病的精确诊断和治疗提供新的见解。这些进展将为孕期母胎界面疾病的精准治疗提供重要依据。

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来源期刊

International immunopharmacology 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

3.60%

发文量

935

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： International Immunopharmacology is the primary vehicle for the publication of original research papers pertinent to the overlapping areas of immunology, pharmacology, cytokine biology, immunotherapy, immunopathology and immunotoxicology. Review articles that encompass these subjects are also welcome. The subject material appropriate for submission includes: • Clinical studies employing immunotherapy of any type including the use of: bacterial and chemical agents; thymic hormones, interferon, lymphokines, etc., in transplantation and diseases such as cancer, immunodeficiency, chronic infection and allergic, inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. • Studies on the mechanisms of action of these agents for specific parameters of immune competence as well as the overall clinical state. • Pre-clinical animal studies and in vitro studies on mechanisms of action with immunopotentiators, immunomodulators, immunoadjuvants and other pharmacological agents active on cells participating in immune or allergic responses. • Pharmacological compounds, microbial products and toxicological agents that affect the lymphoid system, and their mechanisms of action. • Agents that activate genes or modify transcription and translation within the immune response. • Substances activated, generated, or released through immunologic or related pathways that are pharmacologically active. • Production, function and regulation of cytokines and their receptors. • Classical pharmacological studies on the effects of chemokines and bioactive factors released during immunological reactions.