Navigating towards efuel: A scientometric insight into the application of membrane reactors

Abstract

The urgent need to decarbonize high-emission sectors has driven the development of Power-to-X technologies, which convert renewable electricity into electrofuels (efuels). Despite their potential, efuel production faces challenges such as high energy demand and low conversion efficiency. Membrane reactors, which integrate reaction and separation, offer a promising solution by improving yields and reducing energy requirements. This review presents a scientometric analysis of membrane reactors for efuel production using the Scopus database from 2003 to 2024. Analyzing 30 publications, six thematic clusters were identified using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. Keyword co-occurrence and factorial analyses highlight main research themes and emerging areas, revealing gaps in reactor configuration optimization. Influential studies show that membrane reactors can enhance CO₂ conversion and methane yield compared to conventional systems, though challenges remain in membrane selectivity, economic viability, and long-term durability under real feedstock conditions. Additional issues include scalable module manufacturing and the lack of harmonized techno-economic, life cycle, and performance metrics. Sector-specific analysis identifies positive dynamics, such as compatibility with existing infrastructure, improved energy security, and supportive policies, as well as negative dynamics, including high production costs, resource competition, technological uncertainties, and new safety and regulatory requirements. By mapping research progress, this study provides insights to guide the advancement of membrane reactors and support sustainable efuel production and decarbonization goals.