Complete mitochondrial genome pathological characteristics and scanning electron microscopic observations of Armillifer moniliformis isolated from Manis javanica

IF 2.3 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101183

Xianghe Wang , Sitong Chen , Fuyu An , Xinyu Liu , Hongmei Yan , Zhenquan Zhang , Zi-Guo Yuan , Yan Hua

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Armillifer moniliformis is a multi-host parasite, with previous studies documenting various wild animals as well as humans serving as its intermediate hosts. However, to date, there have been no reports of pangolins being infected with this parasite. Necropsy revealed Armillifer moniliformis formed cysts on the abdominal greater omentum and multiple organs (lungs, liver, etc.). Scanning electron microscopy showed its typical structures (oral hooks, abdominal annuli), while histopathological examination indicated infected organs exhibited congestion, inflammatory infiltration, and calcification. At the molecular level, identification based on the 18S rRNA sequence demonstrated that this parasite shares 99.89 % homology with Armillifer moniliformis and has a close phylogenetic relationship with it. In addition, Armillifer moniliformis parasites were isolated from the host, and their DNA was extracted for Illumina and HiFi sequencing, resulting in the assembly of the complete mitochondrial genome of Armillifer moniliformis. The assembled circular mitochondrial genome had a total length of 16516 bp and comprised 13 unique protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. The overall nucleotide composition of Armillifer moniliformis was 62 % A + T and 38 % G + C. The protein-coding genes of the parasite encode a total of 3538 amino acids, utilizing four types of initiation codons (ATA, ATC, ATT, and ATG) and three types of termination codons (TAA, TAG, and T). The genome contained 4 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 158 dispersed repeats (≥20 bp). Phylogenetic trees based on 13 protein-coding genes showed Armillifer and Linguatula formed a Pentastomida clade (100 % bootstrap support), which together with Branchiura and Ostracoda constitutes Oligostraca; Crustacea and Hexapoda form a monophyletic Pancrustacea clade. In this study, an Armillifer moniliformis parasite was isolated and identified from the Malayan pangolin. This work not only expands our understanding of Armillifer moniliformis species but also provides a crucial foundation for further investigations into their taxonomy, diagnostics, and biological characteristics.

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爪哇岛念珠蜜虫线粒体全基因组病理学特征及扫描电镜观察

念珠蜜环虫是一种多宿主寄生虫，以前的研究记录了各种野生动物和人类作为它的中间宿主。然而，到目前为止，还没有穿山甲感染这种寄生虫的报告。尸检发现念珠蜜环虫在腹部大网膜及多脏器（肺、肝等）形成囊肿。扫描电镜显示其典型结构（口钩、腹环），组织病理学检查显示感染器官充血、炎症浸润和钙化。在分子水平上，基于18S rRNA序列的鉴定表明，该寄生虫与念珠蜜虫同源性为99.89%，具有密切的系统发育关系。此外，从寄主中分离出念珠蜜环虫寄生虫，提取其DNA进行Illumina和HiFi测序，组装出念珠蜜环虫线粒体全基因组。组装的线粒体基因组全长16516 bp，由13个独特的蛋白质编码基因、22个tRNA基因和2个rRNA基因组成。念珠蜜虫的总核苷酸组成为62% A + T和38% G + c。该寄生虫的蛋白质编码基因共编码3538个氨基酸，利用4种起始密码子（ATA、ATC、ATT和ATG）和3种终止密码子（TAA、TAG和T）。基因组包含4个简单重复序列（SSRs）和158个分散重复序列（≥20 bp）。基于13个蛋白编码基因的系统进化树显示，Armillifer和Linguatula组成了一个五角形目分支（100% bootstrap支持），与Branchiura和Ostracoda一起组成了Oligostraca；甲壳类和六足类形成一个单系的甲壳纲分支。本研究从马来亚穿山甲中分离鉴定了一种念珠蜜环虫寄生虫。这项工作不仅扩大了我们对念虫种类的认识，而且为进一步研究其分类、诊断和生物学特性提供了重要的基础。

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来源期刊

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

5.60%

发文量

113

审稿时长

45 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife (IJP-PAW) publishes the results of original research on parasites of all wildlife, invertebrate and vertebrate. This includes free-ranging, wild populations, as well as captive wildlife, semi-domesticated species (e.g. reindeer) and farmed populations of recently domesticated or wild-captured species (e.g. cultured fishes). Articles on all aspects of wildlife parasitology are welcomed including taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution, ecology and epidemiology, population biology and host-parasite relationships. The impact of parasites on the health and conservation of wildlife is seen as an important area covered by the journal especially the potential role of environmental factors, for example climate. Also important to the journal is ''one health'' and the nature of interactions between wildlife, people and domestic animals, including disease emergence and zoonoses.